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NEW  COLLECTION 

OF 

GENUINE  RECEIPTS, 

FOR  THE  PREPARATION  AND  EXECUTION 
OF 

CURIOUS  ARTS, 

AND 

Enteresttnfl  lEppcriments, 

MEDICAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS,  DOMES¬ 
TIC  AND  AGRICULTURAL  ; 

Which  are  well  explained,  and  warranted  genuine,  and  may 
be  performed  easily,  safely,  and  at  little  expense. 

TO  WHICH  IS  ADDED, 

A  COMPLETE  AND  MUCH  APPROVED  SYSTEM 
OF 

DYEING, 

IN  ALL  ITS  VARIETIES. 

Stereotype  edition. 

BOSTON*  : 

PUBLISHED  BY  CHARLES  GAYLORD. 

1331 . 


* 


GENUINE 


ENTOXUABLB  meotipts. 

////✓// 

To  Burnish  with  Gold. 

Make  a  sizing  by  boiling  the  skins  of  beaver 
and  musk-rats,  (which  may  be  easily  procured  at 
a  hat  manufactory,)  in  water,  till  it  is  of  sufficient 
strength,  that,  by  cooling,  sit  will  become  a  jelly, 
and  will  support  a  common  leaden  bullet  on  its 
surface.  Strain  the  liquor,  and  give  your  work 
one  coat  of  it,  while  warm,  with  a  brush;  when 
this  is  dry,  add  a  little  fine  whiting  to  the  sizing, 
and  give  the  work  one  coat  of  this;  then  add  as 
much  whiting  as  will  work  freely  under  the  brush, 
and  lay  on  five  or  six  coats  of  this,  allowing  it  to 
dry  eaph  time.  Smooth  the  work  by  wetting  and 
rubbing  it  with  pummice  stone,  and  afterwards 
with  sand  paper.  Take  some  burnish  gold-size 
(which  is  composed  of  pipe  clay,  black  lead  and 
castilc  soap,  but  may  be  procured  ready  made,) 
and  dilute  it  with  water  and  the  above  mentioned 
sizing,  equal  quantities,  and  give  the  work  three 
successive  coats  of  this;  when  the  last  is  dry,  dip 
a  camel  hair  pencil  in  some  rum  and  water,  and 
with  it  wet  a  small  part  of  the  work,  and  immedi¬ 
ately,  while  it  is  flowing,  lay  on  a  leaf  of  gold, 
brushing  it  down  with  a  very  softcamel  hair  brush; 
proceed  thus  till  the  whole  is  gib,  and  let;  it  dry 
Then  with  a  flint  burnisher,  rub  over  the  whole, 
carefully,  till  you  bring  it  to  a  perfect  polish,  and 
the  work  is  finished. 


4 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

To  Enamel  Picture  Glasses. 

The  glass  must  he  washed  perfectly  clean  and 
dried;  then  damp  it  by  breathing  on  it,  or  wet  it 
with  the  tongue,  and  immediately  lay  on  a  leaf  of 
gold,  and  brush  it  down  very  smooth.  When 
this  is  dry,  draw  any  letters  or  flowers  on  the  gold 
with  Brunswick  blacking,  and  when  dry,  the  su¬ 
perfluous  gold  may  be  brushed  off  with  cotton, 
leaving  the  figure  entire.  Afterward  the  whole 
may  be  covered  with  blacking,  or  painted  in  any 
colour,  while  the  gold  figures  will  appear  to  advan¬ 
tage  oii  the  opposite  side  of  the  glass 

To  Wash  Iron  or  Steel  with  Gold. 

Mix  together  one  part  of  nitric  acid,  and  two 
parts  of  muriatic  acid,  in  a  phial,  and  add  gold 
leaf  as  much  as  the  acid  will  dissolve.  (This  so¬ 
lution  is  called  the  nitro-muriate  of  gold.)  Pour 
over  this  solution  cautiously,  about  half  as  much 
sulphuric  ether;  shake  the  mixture,  and  then  al¬ 
low  it  to  settle.  The  ether  will  take  the  gold  from 
the  acid,  and  will  separate  itself  from  it  also,  and 
form  an  upper  stratum  in  the  phial.  Carefully  pour 
off  this  auriferous  either,  into  another  phial.  Any 
piece  of  polished  steel,  or  iron,  may  be  washed 
over  with  this  ether,  and  immediately  plunged  into 
cold  water,  and  it  will  have  acquired  a  coat  of 
pure  gold,  the  beauty  of  which  may  be  increased 
by  burnishing, — In  some  cases  it  may  be  well  to 
heat  the  iron  moderately  in  a  fire,  previous  to  bur¬ 
nishing. 

To  Wash  Brass  or  Copper  with  Silver. 

To  half  an  ounce  of  nitric  acid,  in  a  phial,  add 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


5 


one  ounce  of  water  and  two  drachms  of  good  sil¬ 
ver.  It  will  soon  be  dissolved,  and  if  the  acid 
and  metal  are  both  pure,  the  solution,  (which  is 
called  nitrate  of  silver,)  will  be  colourless.  Add 
to  the  solution  rather  more  tartrate  of  potass  than 
will  dissolve.  Then  dip  a  piece  of  soft  leather  in 
the  solution,  and  rub  it  on  the  metal  till  it  is  dry; 
the  metal  may  thus  be  handsomely  silvered. — An¬ 
other  method  is,  to  put  some  pieces  of  copper  into 
the  solution  of  silver,  which  will  throw  down  the 
silver  in  a  state  of  metallic  powder.  Fifteen  or 
twenty  grains  of  this  powder,  are  mixed  with  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potass,  two  drachms  of 
muriate  of  soda,  and  half  a  drachm  of  alum.  The 
metal  is  first  washed  with  nitric  acid,  and  immedi¬ 
ately  plunged  into  clear  water,  and  is  then  rubbed 
over  with  this  composition  till  it  is  thoroughly  sil¬ 
vered. 


Ornamental  Bvguzc  Gilding. 

The  ground  on  which  bronze  ornaments  are  .to 
be  formed,  must  be  varnished  with  a  mixture  of 
copal  varnish  and  old  linseed  oil.  When  this  is 
dry,  it  will  adhere  slightly  to  any  dry  substance 
that  is  pressed  against  it.  Whatever  figures  you 
intend  to  bronze,  must  be  represented  by  holes  cut 
through  pieces  of  paper.  Lay  these  patterns  on 
the  work,  but  not  press  them  down  any  more  than 
is  requisite  to  keep  the  paper  in  its  place.  Then 
take  a  piece  of  soft  deer  skin  leather,  and  dip  it  in 
some  dry  bronze  (gold  in  powder)  and  apply  it  to 
the  figures,  beginning  at  the  edges;  tap  the  figure 
gently  with:  the  leather,  and  the  bronze  will  stick 
to  the  varnish  according  to  the  shape  of  the  pat¬ 
tern.  Thus  any  figure  may  be  produced,- in  a  va- 


6 


GJiiJN  U UN  R  RECEIPTS 


riety  of  shades,  by  applying  the  bronze  more  free¬ 
ly  to  some  parts  of  the  work,  than  to  others.  If 
some  internal  parts  of  the  figures,  require  to  be 
more  distinct  than  others,  they  may  be  wrought 
with  different  patterns,  or  may  be  edged  with  dark 
paint.  The  work  must  afterwards  have  one  or 
more  coats  of  copal  or  shellac  varnish. 

To  give  Wood  a  Gold ,  Silvery  or  Copper  Lustre . 

Grind  about  two  ounces  of  white  beach  sand, 
very  fine  in  a  gill  of  water,  in  which  half  an  ounce, 
of  gum  arabic  has  been  dissolved,  and  brush  over 
the  work  with  it.  When  this  is  dry,  the  work  may 
be  rubbed  over  with  a  piece  of  gold,  silver  or 
copper,  and  will,  in  a  measure,  assume  their  re¬ 
spective  colours  and  brilliancy. 

To  Print  Gold  Letters  on  Morocco . 

first  wet  the  morocco  with  the  whites  off  eggs; 
when  this  is  dry,  rub  the  work  over  with  a  little 
olive  oil,  and  lay  on  gold  leaves.  Then  take  some 
common  printing  types,  and  heat  them  to  the  tem¬ 
perature  of  boiling  water,  and  impress  whatever 
letters  you  choose,  on  the  gold.  Rub  the  whole 
with  a  piece  of  flannel,  and  the  superfluous  gold 
will  come  off,  leaving  the  letters  entire. 

To  Dye  Silica  Brilliant  Gold  Colour. 

To  one  gill  of  water  in  a  common  flask,  add 
one  ounce  of  clean  iron  filings,  or  granulated  zinc, 
and  half  an  ounce  of  sulphuric  acid.  Hydrogen 
gas  will  be  evolved  from  the  water,  and  rise 
through  the  neck  of  the  flask,  which  must  not  be 
stopped.  Take  a  piece  of  white  silk  and  immerse 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


7 


it  in  some  nitro  muriate  of  gold,  which  has  been 
diluted  with  three  parts  of  water,  to  one  of  acid; 
and  immediately,  while  the  silk  is  wet,  expose  it 
to  the  current  of  gas,  as  it  rises  from  the  flask; 
the  gold  will  immediately  be  revived,  and  the  silk 
will  become  beautifully  and  permanently  gilt 

To  Dye  Silk  a  Brilliant  Silver '  Colour. 

Proceed  as  in  the  last  experiment;  only  use  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  instead  of  the  nitro-muriate  of 
gold.  Any  letters  or  flowers  may  be  drawn  on 
the  silk,  with  a  camel  hair  pencil,  dipped  in  the 
solution,  and  on  being  exposed  to  the  action  of 
the  gas,  will  be  revived  and  shine  with  metallic 
brilliancy. 

Note. — If  a  jar  or  box  be  filled  with  hydrogen 
gas,  and  the  silk  be  suspended  in  it,  the  action  of 
the  gas,  and  consequently  the  revivification  of  the 
metal  will  be  more  uniform. 


Water  proof  Gilding  and  Silvering. 

Grind  one  ounce  of  white  lead,  and  two  ounces 
of  litharge,  very  fine  in  a  gill  of  old  linseed  oil; 
expose  this  to  the  sun  for  a  week  in  an  open  vessel; 
then  add  as  much  spirits  of  turpentine  as  will  make 
it  work  freely  with  a  brush,  or  camel  hair  pencil. 
Whatever  letters,  or  flowers  you  wish  to  gild,  must 
be  first  drawn  with  this  sizing,  and  when  dry,  lay 
on  gold  or  silver  leaves  smoothly  over  the  whole, 
pressing  them  down  with  soft  cotton  ;  then  brush 
over  the  whole  lightly  with  cotton  or  a  soft  brush, 
and  the  superfluous  leaf  will  be  brushed  off,  leav¬ 
ing  the  figures  entirely  gilt  by  the  leaf  adhering  to 
the  sizing.  Note. — The  leaves  of  gold  or  silver 
may  be  spread  on  a  piece  of  soft  leather  and  cut 


8 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


into  pieces  by  drawing  a  smooth  edged  knife  over 
them; — and  the  pieces  may  be  conveyed  to  their 
places  on  the  work,  by  means  of  a  small  block  or 
knife,  covered  with  soft  woolen  cloth,  which  being 
pressed  gently  on  the  pieces,  takes  them  from  the 
leather;  and  again  being  pressed  on  the  sizing, 
leaves  them  there. 


For  a  ' Malignant  Sore  Throat, 

[By  Dr.  Jacob  Ogden,  Jamaica,  Long  1st. 

Take  Seneka  rattlesnake  root,  Virginia  snake 
root,  two  ounces,  calomus  aromaticus,  the  roots*  of 
wild  valerian,  tops  of  rue,  the  flowers  of  English 
camomile  each  one  ounce,  cinnamon,  myrrh,  Rez- 
in  of  Guaic.  Brittish  Saffron,  Balsam  Capev.  pre¬ 
pared  Crab’s  eyes,  and  Arminian  bole,  each  half 
an  ounce.  Ginger  and  Opium  each  two  drachms 
Maderia  wine,  enough  to  dissolve  the  opium,  and 
of  clarified  honey,  thrice  the  weight  of  all  the  pow¬ 
ders. 

To  a  child  of  one  year  old  15  grains  of  the  Trea¬ 
cle  and  2  or  3  grains  of  Calom.  To  8  years  old, 
1-2  drachm  and  4  or  5  grains  of  calom.  To  a 
grown  person,  near  2  drachms  and  6  or  8  grains 
of  calom. — repeat  every  12,  16,  20  or  24  hours. 
Drink  strong  sage  tea,  acidulated  with  vinegar — 
keep  the  patient  warm  by  avoiding  the  cold  air — 
a  little  rnurcury  may  be  given  in  the  intervals,  if 
the  urgency  of  the  symptoms  require  it. 

Another  Cure  for  the  Thro.at  Distemper 

Purge  with  calomel,  then  take  Borax,  bole  Ar- 
menic,  and  Sang.  Draconis  of  each  an  equal 
quantity;  when  finely  powdered,  to  a  quarter  of  an 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


9 


ounce  of  that  mixture,  add  3  gills  of  vinegar  and 
4  ounces  of  honey,  whkdi  shake  well  together  for 
a  Gargle,  and  use  it  warm  every  two  hours. 

Polipus  in  the  JYose. 

Take  blood  root  powdered  fine,  and  used  as 
snuff,  will  cure. 

For  the  Ulcers. 

Take  4  ounces  honey,  tinct.  of  myrrh  and  Vine¬ 
gar,  of  each  an  ounce,  loaf  sugar,  two  ounces,  Bo¬ 
rax  and  balsam  sulphur,  of  each  half  an  ounce — 
mix  this  to  a  balsam  with  the  yolk  of  an  egg,  with 
a  rag  tied  to  a  skewer  to  cleanse  and  anoint  the  ul¬ 
cers  after  every  gargling. 

Whooping  Cough. 

Take  a  wine  glass  of  rum,  and  a  little  spirits  of 
turpentine,  shake  well  together,  rub  the  child  by 
the  file  gently  down  the  neck  and  chin,  night  and 
morning;  in  a  few  days  the  cough  will  be  cured. 

Another. 

Take  dried  Coltsfoot,  a  good  handful,  cut  it  fine 
and  boil  it  in  a  pint  of  spring  water,  to  half  a  pint, 
when  almost  cold,  strain  it  and  squeezing  the  herb 
as  dry  as  you  can.  Dissolve  in  it  half  an  ounce 
of  sugar  candy  finely  powdered,  add  one  spoonful 
arid  a  half  of  tincture  of  Liquorice.  Give  a  child 
one  spoonful  3  or  4  times  a  day  and  more  to  a  grown 
person.  It  will  cure  in  three  or  tour  days. 

A  Mouth-wash  for  the  Canker. 

Take  sage,  rose  leaves,  blue  violets,  a  li  de  alum 
and  honey. 


10 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


Abel  Puffer's  Cure  for  ike  Bite  of  a  Hattie  Snake. 


As  soon  as  may  be  after  the  person  is  bit,  cut  a 
gash  in  the  place  bitten,  as  deep  as  the  teeth  went, 
and  fill  it  with  fine  salt — take  common  plaintain, 
or  strong  brine,  bruise  it,  add  a  little  Water,  squeeze 
out  the  juice  and  mix  it  with  clear  Water,  make  a 
brine  with  salt  and  the  juice,  till  it  will  not  dissolve 
the  salt;  then  apply  a  linen  bandage,  above  the 
swelling,  but  not  too  tight,  keep  it/  wet  with  the 
brine  for  it  will  dry  very  fast — stroke  the  part  with 
the  hand  towards  the  cut,  as  hard  as  can  be  borne, 
and  you  will  soon  see  the  poison  and  virulent  mat¬ 
ter  flow  oat  of  the  cut;  and  if  it  flows  so  fast  a-sto 
swell  below  the  cut,  you  must  cut  below,  tc  give 
vent  to  the  matter,  and  it  will  not  leave  running  till 
all  is  discharged.  Move  the  bandage  downwards 
as  the  swelling  abates.  Give  the  patient  sweet  oil, 
saffron  or  snake  root  to  defend  the  stomach.  It 
often  bleeds  after  the  poison  is  out,  which  is  a  good 
sign,  care  must  be  taken,  that  none  of  the  virulent 
matter  get  to  any  raw  flesh.  Mr.  Puffer  has  cured 
two  persons  dangerously  bit,  and  a  horse  and  dog. 


Nerve  ointment. 

Take  neats  foot  oil,  oil  terebinth,  brandy  and  oil 
of  John’s,  wort,  beef  gall  and  simmer  together. 


Cancers. 

Repeated  application  of  leaches  to  cancers  have 
been  attended  with  great  success.  A  man  with  a 
cancer  on  the  lip,  which  had  been  cut  without  ef¬ 
fect,  had  leaches  applied;  the  three  first,  after  suck¬ 
ing,  fell  off  dead,  in  a  few  days  after  three  more 
shared  the  same  fate.  In  a  week  after  three  more 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  11 

were  applied,  which  dropped  off  alive.  This 
wrought  a  perfect  cure. 

Another. 

Apply  a  poultice  of  Carrots,  warm,  fill  all  the 
holes  and  hollows  of  the  ulcer,  covered  with  a  warm 
clcth,  renew  it  twice  a  day — wash  it  with  a  decoc¬ 
tion  of  hemlock.  Also,  warm  milk  and  water  is 
good;  drink  2  or  3  pints  of  the  infusion  of  malt 
daily.  Three  pints  of  boiling  water  poured  on 
half  a  pint  of  malt  is  generally  sufficient. 

Another. 

The  tail  of  a  Lizzard  boiled,  produces  a  gravy 
or  broth,  which  being  drank  a  few  times,  cures  rad¬ 
ically,  the  most  inveterate  cancer. 

*  - 

Another. 

An  Empl.  of  Cicuta  applied  to  a  cancer  after 
rubbing  with  a  solution  of  Sub.  Corros.  scarifying 
the  tumor,  a  little,  will  infallibly  cure  them.  The 
solution  is  made  by  dissolving  1  dr.  in  1  oz.  of  wa¬ 
ter,  give  a  gill  of  Cicuta  morning  and  evening. 

Dropsy. 

Six  quarts  old  hard  cider,  1  pint  mustard  seed 
pounded,  1  double  handful  parsley  roots,  do.  lig¬ 
num  vitae  shavings,  1  do.  horse  radish  roots,  sim¬ 
mer  over  a  slow  fire  48  hours,  take  a  teacupful 
three  times  a  day.  It  operates  powerfully  by  urine. 

Another. 

Put  a  large  cup  full  of  bohea  tea  into  a  tea  pot, 
steep  it,  drink  the  liquor  by  degrees,  and  eat  all 


12 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


the  tea  leaves  or  grounds,  in  the  course  of  the  fore¬ 
noon.  Do  the  like  in  the  afternoon,  and  so  pro¬ 
ceed  on  for  3  or  4  days.  The  water  will  be  dis¬ 
charged  by  natural  evacuations. 

Another, 

A  strong  decoction  of  the  leaves  or  ripe  berries 
of  dwarf  elder  has  cured  a  man  of  an  inveterate 
dropsy  in  about  a  week.  Sweeten  it  with  molasses. 

Bone  Ointment . 

Take  wormwood,  camomile,  St.  John’s  wort, 
henbane,  night  shade,  plaintain,  green  tobacco, 
melilot,  simmer  in  hog’s  lard  and  fresh  butter,  then 
strain  off,  for  use. 

Another  * 

Take  mullin,  camomile,  catmint,  tansev;  bvrdoc 
mayweed,  penny  royal,  mint,  asmart,  yarrow, 
wormwood  indigo  weed,  simmer  gently  together  in 
tresh  butter,  till  they  are  crisp  and  strain  out  for 
use. 


Quinsy. 

Mix  oil  Amygdal.  Dulcis  with  spts.  sal  ammon 
dip  in  a  piece  of  baize  and  apply  to  the  part  affec¬ 
ted. 

Liquid  Laudanum. 

Take  proof  spirit  one  pound,  opium  two  ounces, 
Croc.  Ang.  one  ounce,  infuse  and  strain.  * 

I  feel,  O  laudanum,  thy  power  divine, 

I  fall,  with  pleasure,  at  thy  slumbering  shrine, 
Lull’d  by  thy  charms,  I  ’scape  each  anxious 
thought, 

And  every  thing  but  Mira  is  forgot. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. > 


13 


Flores  Antimonii,  are  highly  extolled  for  scor¬ 
butic  eruptions,  hypocondriac  affections,  paralytic 
disorders,  in  a  Mania  it  is  considered  as  a  specific, 
confirmed  Lues,  Rheumatism. 

Volatile  Linament  for  the  Sciatica. 

Take  Tern.  Feenic.  Cimin.  a.  a.  1-2  oz. 

Sal.  C.  C.  Volat.  4  scrup. 

Camoh.  3  scrup. 

Sapo  Castiel,  2  oz. 

Ungt.  Dialth.  4  oz. 

Rub  the  articles  very  fine,  add  the  Ungt.  and  lastly 
the  Sal.  C.  C.  Spread  on  thin  leather,  and  apply, 
fresh  mace,  to  the  hip. 

Jaundice. 

Take  the  white  of  an  Egg  and  two  glasses  of 
spring  water,  beat  well  together,  and  drink  it  every 
morning,  it  cools  the  lungs,  promotes  perspiration, 
invigorates  the  animal  spirits,  causes  digestion,  and 
oreates  an  apetite. 

Rickets. 

Buckshorn  roots  that  grows  in  meadows  two 
ounces,  New-England  Gentian  two  ounces,  Rhu¬ 
barb  50  grains,  Stoned  Raisins  one  pound,  put  them 
into  a  quart  of  good  wine,  steep  them  24  hours  and 
give  two  spoonbills  morning  and  evening . 

To  Silver  Looking  Glasses. 

Take  some  fine  plaster  of  paris,  and  mix  it  with 
wrater  to  the  consistence  of  soft  putty;  spread  this 
out  thin  on  ^  board;  lify  the  glass  on  this  and  press 
it  down  till  it  lays  quite  close  and  make  an  im¬ 
pression  in  the  plaster;  let  it  remain  till  the  plas- 


14 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


ter  is  dry.  Then  take  up  the  glass  and  spread 
some  tin  foil  over  the  impression,  and  press  it  with 
the  glass  into  the  plaster  mould,  to  make  it  lie 
close.  Then  pour  on  a  little  mercury,  and  spread 
it  all  over  the  im  foil;  place  the  glass  in  the  mould 
again,  and  place  a  weight  on  it,  as  heavy  as  may 
be  without  endangering  the  glass,  and  leave  it  two 
or  three  days.  Then  pour  off  the  superfluous 
mercury,  and  raise  the  glass  from  the  mould  cau¬ 
tiously,  and  the  amalgum  of  tin  and  mercury, 
which  is  formed  by  the  process,  will  adhere  to  the 
glass,  which  will  thus  be  perfectly  silvered. 

To  write  on  Paper  with  Gold  or  Silver. 

Take  some  nitro-muriate  of  gold,  or  nitrate  of 
silver  and  expose  it  to  a  gentle  heat  in  an  open 
vessel,  by  which  means,  the  acid  will  be  evapora¬ 
ted,  and  the  metal  will  form  itself  in  crystals  on 
the  sides,  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel.  These 
crystals  may  be  carefully  collected,  and  dissolved 
in  water.  With  this  solution,  (which  is  an  aqueous 
solution  of  nitro-muriate  of  gold,  or  nitrate  of  sil¬ 
ver)  any  writing  may  be  performed  on  paper,  with 
a  common  pen,  and  by  being  exposed  while  damp, 
to  the  action  of  hydrogen  gas,  the  writing  will  be 
revived  in  metallic  lustre. 

To  make  Good  Shining  Black  Ink. 

Take  two  ounces  of  nut-galls  in  coarse  powder; 
one  ounce  of  wood  in  thin  chips;  one  ounce  of 
sulphate  of  iron;  three  fourths  of  an  ounce  of  gum 
arabic;  one  fourth  of  an  ounce  of  sulphate  of  cop¬ 
per;  and  one  fourth  of  an  ounce  of  loaf  sugar. 
Boil  the  galls  and  logwood  together  in  three  pints 
of  water,  till  the  quantity  is  reduced  to  one  half. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS 


15 


Then  the  liquor  must  be  strained  through  a  flannel 
into  a  proper  vessel,  and  the  remainder  of  the  in¬ 
gredients  be  added  to  it.  The  mixture  is  then  to 
be  frequently  stirred  till  the  whole  is  dissolved; 
after  which  it  must  be  left  at  rest  for  twenty-four 
hours.  The  ink  may  then  be  decanted  from  the 
gross  sediment,  and  must  be  preserved  in  a  glass 
bottle  well  corked. 


Blue  Ink. 

Dissolve  one  ounce  of  gum  arabic  in  a  pint  of 
water.  In  a  part  of  this  gum  water,  grind  a  small 
quantity  of  best  prussian  blue;  you  may  thus 
bring  it  to  any  depth  of  colour  you  choose. 

Red  Ink. 

In  the  above  mentioned  gum  water,  grind  very 
fine  three  parts  of  vermillion  with  one  of  lake  or 
carmine.  This  is  a  very  perfect  colour,  but  may 
require  to  be  shaken  up  occasionally. 

Yellow  Ink. 

Steep  one  ounce  of  turmeric,  in  powder,  in  a 
gill  of  good  rum  or  gin  which  is  not  coloured;  let 
it  rest  twenty-four  hours;  then  throw  it  on  a  cloth, 
and  express  the  colored  liquor,  which  mix  with 
gum  water. 


Green  Ink. 

To  the  tincture  of  turmeric,  add  a  little  prus¬ 
sian  blue. 


Purple  Ink. 

Grind,  or  dissolve  some  lake  in  wafer;  other-, 
wise  express  the  juice  from  the  deepest  coloured 


16  GENUINE  RECEIPTS 

beets;  to  either  of  these,  add  a  little  blue  and  gum 
water. 


To  write  in  various  Colours ,  ivith  the  same  Pen , 
Ink  and  Paper. 

Take  a  sheet  of  white  paper,  and  wet  some  parts 
of  it  with  a  solution  of  sub-carbonate  of  potass; 
wet  some  other  parts  of  it  with  the  same  but  more 
diluted;  some  other  parts  with  diluted  muriatic 
acid;  and  other  parts  with  a  solution  of  sulphate 
of  iron;  dry  the  paper  and  it  will  be  white  as  ever. 
Then  take  the  juice  of  blue  violets,  or  tincture  of 
red  cabbage,  (water  that  has  been  poured  while 
hot,  upon  red  cabbage  in  thin  slices,)  and  with  it 
write  on  the  paper.  The  ink  is  of  itself,  a  faint 
purple;  where  the  paper  was  wet  with  acid,  it  will 
instantly  become  red;  on  the  diluted  alkali,  it  will 
become  green;  on  the  stronger  alkaline  solution, 
it  will  take  a  yellow;  and  on  the  sulphate  of  iron, 
it  will  become  deep  purple  or  brown.  Thus  you 
will  have  several  colours  in  the  same  line  of  writ¬ 
ing. 

Invisible  Ink  for  Secret  Correspondence. 

Dissolve  muriate  of  ammonia  in  water,  and 
write; — the  writing  will  be  invisible.  When  you 
would  make  the  writing  appear,  heat  the  paper  by 
the  fire  and  the  letters  will  become  black. 


Sympathetic  Inks. 

Process  I. — Write  with  a  solution  of  sulphate 
of  iron, — the  writing  will  be  invisible,  Dip  a  feath¬ 
er  in  an  infusion  of  niitgalls  (water  in  which  pul¬ 
verised  nutgalls  have  been  steeped,)  and  the  writ¬ 
ing  will  become  black. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  17 

Process  2. — Write  with  a  dilute  infusion  of  galls, 
—it  will  be  invisible.  Dip  a  feather  in  a  solution 
of  sulphate  of  iron,  and  moisten  the  paper  with  it 
and  the  writing  will  become  black. 

Process  I. — Write  with  a  solution  of  sub-carbo¬ 
nate  of  potass;  wet  this  writing  with  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  iron, — it  will  take  a  deep  yellow  col¬ 
our. 


Process  4.— Write  with  a  solution  of  sulphate 
of  copper, — no  writing  will  be  visible.  Wash  the 
paper  with  a  solution  of  prussiate  of  potass, — the 
writing  will  then  get  a  reddish  brown  colour. 

Pricess  5. — Write  with  diluted  nitrate  of  silver, 
and  let  the  writing  dry  in  the  dark — it  will  be  in¬ 
visible;  but  expose  the  paper  to  the  rays  of  the 
sun,  and  the  writing  will  become  black. 

Luminous  Ink  that  will  shine  in  the  Dark. 

To  half  an  ounce  of  sulphuric  ether,  in  a  phial, 
add  one  drachm  of  phosphorus;  cork  the  phial, 
close  and  let  it  remain  two  or  three  weeks,  often 
shaking  it.  Afterwards  any  words  may  be  written 
with  it  on  dark  coloured  paper,  and  if  carried  into 
a  dark  room,  will  appear  very  bright. 

To  make  a  Writing  appear  and  disappear  at  pleas¬ 
ure. 

Dissolve  equal  parts  of  sulphate  of  copper  and 
muriate  of  ammonia  in  water,  and  write.  When 
you  wouid  make  the  writing  appear,  warm  the  pa¬ 
per  gently  by  the  fire;  the  writing  will  appear  in  a 
vellow  colour;  but  as  soon  as  you  take  the  paper 
2* 


18 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


into  the  cold  air,  the  writing  will  vanish.  This 
may  be  often  repeated. 

To  make  a  Writing  vanish  and  another  appear  in 
its  j)lace. 

Write  on  paper  with  a  solution  of  sub-carbonate 
of  potass, — the  writing  will  be  invisible.  Mix  to¬ 
gether  equal  parts  of  salution  of  sulphate  of  iron, 
and  infusion  of  galls;  write  with  this  mixture 
(which  is  black)  on  the  same  paper.  Then  add 
to  the  black  liquor  a  little  sulphuric  acid,  sufficient 
to  deprive  it  of  colour.  Wet  the  paper  with  this 
compound;  the  acid  will  discharge  the  colour  from 
the  last  writing,  while  the  alkali  of  the  first,  will 
precipitate  the  gallate  of  iron,  and  the  writing  will 
become  black. 


To  restore  old  Writing  that  is  nearly  defaced 
Boil  one  ounce  of  powdered  nut-galls,  for  an 
hour  or  more  in  a  pint  of  white  wine;  filter  the 
liquor,  and  when  cold,  wet  the  paper  with  it,  or 
pass* it  on  the  lines  with  a  camel-hair  pencil,  and 
the  writing  will  be  much  revived. 

To  paint  a  Picture  that  will  appear  and  disappear 
occasionally. 

To  half  an  ounce  of  nitric  acid,  add  one  drachm 
of  cobalt,  one  drachm  of  muriate  of  soda,  and  two 
ounces  of  water;  set  it  in  a  sand  bath,  or  on  warn1 
ashes,  where  it  must  remain  five  or  six  hours 
Then  filter  the  solution,  (which  is  nitro-muriate  ol 
cobalt,)  and  with  it  draw  the  trees,  and  shrubben 
of  a  designed  picture.  Then  with  a  solution  o) 
oxide  of  cobalt  in  acetic  acid,  draw  some  distap 
mountains,  fences,  &c.  and  with  muriate  of  coppei 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  19 

draw  some  flowers,  buildings,  &c.  These  will  all 
be  invisible  when  dry;  but  warm  the  paper  and 
the  picture  will  appear  in  green,  blue  and  yellow. 
It  will  disappear  when  the  paper  becomes  cold. 

To  give  Iron  the  Whiteness  of  Silver. 

To  nitric  acid,  diluted  with  an  equal  quantity  of 
water,  add  as  touch  mercury  as  the  acid  will  dis-^ 
solve;  then  add  to  the  solution,  three  or  four  times, 
as  much  water,  and  having  given  the  iron*  a  coat 
of  copper,  by  immersing  it  in  a  solution  of  sulphate 
of  copper,  brush  it  over  with  the  diluted  nitrate  of 
mercury;  its  appearance  will  be  equal,  if  not  su¬ 
perior  to  that  of  real  silver.  In  this  manner  any 
common,  or  rough  iron  work,  may  be  apparently 
silvered  at  a  most  insignificant  expense;. 

To  cure  the  Jaundice. 

Take  the  white  of  an  egg  and  two  glasses  of 
spring  water,  beat  well  together,  and  drink  it  every 
morning,  it  cools  the  lungs,  promotes  perspiration, 
invigorates  the  animal  spirits,  causes  digestion,  and 
creates  an  appetite. 

The  Stone. 

Take  Alicant  Soap  8  parts,  Oyster  Shell  Lime 
1  part,  beat  into  a  mass  with  water,  then  dissolve 
the  mass  into  an  Emulsion,  by  adding  more  water 
so  a3  to  make  6  quarts  of  the  emulsion,  from  every 
pound  of  soap  avoirdupois;  let  it  stand  a  month, 
stir  it  frequently  and  give  half  a  pint  three  times  a 
day. 


Stone  or  Gravel. 

Take  a  large  handful  of  the  fibres  or  roots  of 


20 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


garden  Leeks,  put  them  into  two  quarts  of  soft  wa¬ 
ter;  simmer  gently  over  the  fire  close  stopped,  to 
the  consumption  of  one  half ;  pour  off  and  drink  a 
pint  in  the  day,  morning,  noon,  and  night.  This  is 
for  an  adult — it  is  some  weeks  before  relief  appears; 
perseverance  gains  the  point. 

Corns. 

It  is  said,  if  you  bind  a  lock  of  unwrought  cot¬ 
ton  on  a  Corn  for  a  week  or  two,  you  will  find  in  an 
unaccountable  manner,  the  corn  will  be  dislodged. 


Tooth- Ache. 

Burn  a  sheet  of  clean  white  writing  paper  on  a 
clean  white  plate,  take  up  the  oil  with  clean  cotton, 
and  apply  it  in  or  on  the  tooth  12  or  15  minutes. 

Putrid  sore  Throat. 

Taite  a  handful  of  hops,  steep  in  spirits  and  ap¬ 
ply  a  common  funnel  to  the  liquid,  let  the  patient 
apply  the  funnel  to  his  throat,  and  thereby  absorb 
the  steam.  Let  the  hops  be  applied  like  a  poultice 
to  the  throat,  and  occasionally  repeated. 


Salve  for  cuts ,  fyc. 

Take  1-2  pint  sweet  oil,  5  ounces  red  lead  fine¬ 
ly  sifted,  boil  the  same  together,  till  they  turn  black, 
add  rozin  2  ounces;  by  small  quantities  at  a  time 
:o  prevent  its  boiling  over;  add  a  tea  spoonful! 
Venice  turpentine,  pour  it  all  into  a  vessel  of  cold 
water;  oil  a  board  to  work  it  on,  roll  it  till  it  be¬ 
comes  smooth  and  hard,  lay  on  a  board  to  dry  in 
rolls.  - 


Worms. 

Boil  4  ounces  quick  silver  in  one  quart  soft  wa- 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  21 

\  {mm, 

ter  an  hour,  in  a  glazed  pipkin,  pour  it  off,  bottle  it 
for  use.  Boil  the  quicksilver  as  often  as  needful. 
Children  may  drink  a  gill,  suited  to  their  taste. 
Adults  may  drink  it  indifferently  as  water.  Then 
purge  off  the  dead  worms. 

To  clean  Teeth. 

Rub  the  teeth  two  or  three  times  a  day  with  a 
ve**y  fine  powder  of  red  Coral,  washing  them  well 
with  water  in  which  Sal  Prunel.  is  dissolved 


Corns — a  plaister. 

Spread  a  plaister  of  Gum  Ammon,  and  apply  it 
to  the  corn,  till  it  has  sufficiently  done  the  design¬ 
ed  work  of  emolition. 


Gout. 

Apply  a  Leek  poultice  to  the  part  affected;  nu¬ 
merous  instances  of  its  efficacy  in  this  painful  dis¬ 
order,  have  recently  occurred;  its  culture  should 
be  cherished  as  a  medicine  of  inestimable  value. 


Weak  and  weeping  Eyes. 

Make  a  strong  decoction  of  camomile,  boiled  in 
sweet  cow’s  milk;  bathe  the  eyes  several  times  a 
day,  as  warm  as  can  be  borne.  It  must  be  contin¬ 
ued  several  weeks. 


Rheumatism. 

Put  1  ounce  of  gum  camphor  into  a  quart  of 
spirits,  and  as  much  of  the  bark  of  sassafras  roots 
as  the  spirits  will  cover,  steep  12  hours  at  least — 
take  half  a  wine  glass  full  at  bed  time,  in  the  morn¬ 
ing,  and  before  noon.  Rub  the  parts  affected  with 


? 

22  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

f  J 

it — the  dose  may  be  increased  if  necessary — it  pro¬ 
duces  perspiration  —avoid  taking  cold. 

Jumble  Beer. 

Take  two  spoonfulls  of  ground  ginger,  and  one 
pint  of  molasses,  to  2  1-2  pails  of  water;  first  mix 
the  ingredients  with  a  little  water  warmed,  espe¬ 
cially  in  cold  weather;  then  add  the  whole  compli¬ 
ment  of  water  and  shake  it  very  briskly,  and  in 
about  six  or  eight  hours  it  will  be  sufficiently  fer¬ 
mented. 


Wine  from  Cider. 

Add  to  a  barrell  of  cider  from  the  press,  honey 
sufficient  to  bear  up  an  egg  ;  work  all  of  the  filth 
out  of  the  bung  hole,  by  keeping  the  barrell  full; 
in  about  five  weeks,  draw  off  the  pure  liquor  into 
a  tub,  and  put  the  whites  of  eight  eggs,  well  beat- 
on  up  with  a  pint  of  clean  sand  into  a  tub;  then 
add  one  gallon  of  cider  spirits,  and  mix  the  whole 
together;  and  having  cleansed  the  barrell,  return 
the  liquor  into  it,  bung  it  tight,  and  when  fine,  rack 
it  off  into  kegs  for  use.  It  does  not  cost  25  cents 
per  gallon. 


Waterproof  Leather 

Take  Linseed  Oil  one  lb.  Beeswax  six  ounces, 
mutton  suet  eight  ounces,  melt  the  whole  together 
slowly,  rub  the  composition  well  upon  boots  and 
shoes;  soles  as  well  as  upper  leather. 

Tanning  Leather. 

An  eminent  tanner  in  Poland,  has  ascertained 
that  the  leaves  of  the  oak  are  equal  to  the  bark,  in 
tanning  leather  ;  provided  they  are  used  in  the 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  23 

month  of  September,  when  they  possess  a  bitter  sap, 
which  they  afterwards  lose. 

Star  in  a  Horse’s  forehead. 

Take  pickled  mackerel  and  confine  it  on  in  any 
shape  you  please,  three  or  four  days  repeating,  and 
it  will  produce  a  white  spot. 

Rub  the  white  saddle  spots,  on  a  horse’s  back,  a 
few  times  daily  in  the  spring  of  the  year,  before 
the  coat  is  shed,  with  bacon  grease,  and  it  will  re¬ 
store  the  natural  colour. 


Improvement  in  Bread. 

Take  flo.ur  5  lbs.  Rice  1  lb.  boil  the  rice  very 
soft,  if  too  thick,  add  a  little  warm  water,  then  add 
your  yeast.  This  makes  8  lbs.  of  bread. 

Preservation  of  fresh  meat. 

Put  fresh  meat  in  a  close  vessel  containing  vin¬ 
egar,  which  will  preserve  it  a  considerable  time. 
Tainted  meet  may  be  rendered  good  by  pickling  it 
in  potash  water  for  some  time;  before  it  is  cooked 
however,  it  should  be  dipped  in  vinegar  a  short  time, 
and  then  salted  in  brine. 


Mending  China. 

Pound  flint  glass  very  fine,  then  grind  it  on  a 
painter’s  stone  with  the  white  of  an  egg;  it  will 
not  break  in  the  same  place. 

Writing  Ink. 

Take  four  ounces  of  Nutgalls,  C operas  and  Gum 
Arabic,  each  two  ounces,  one  quart  of  rain  water; 
mix  and  shake  up  Veil,  and  often.  If  it  is  set  in  the 
sun,  it  will  be  the  sooner  fit  for  use. 


24 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


Red  hair  made  black. 

Take  black  lead  and  ebony  shavings  each  1 
ounce,  of  clear  water  1  pint;  boil  together  1  hour, 
and  when  fine,  bottle  it  for  use.  The  comb  must 
be  often  wet,  and  the  hair  frequently  combed;  and 
if  a  fine  black  is  required,  add  two  ounces  of  cam¬ 
phor. 


{  A  Cordial. 

Take  seven  lemons,  one  quart  of  rum  or  brandy, 
six  ounces  good  loaf  sugar,  one  gill  of  new  milk; 
simmer  the  sugar  in  half  a  pint  of  spring  water,  and 
skim  it;  let  the  milk  be  made  as  warm  as  it  comes 
from  the  cow,  put  the  very  thin  parings  of  the  rinde 
of  the  lemons  with  the  milk  and  syrup,  into  a  jug 
with  the  rum,  close  stopped;  shake  well  for  three 
days,  then  filter  through  paper,  and  bottle  it0 

Shoe  Blacking. 

Take  1  quart  of  good  vinegar,  four  ounces  Ivo¬ 
ry  Black,  one  table  spoonful  of  sweet  oil,  one  gill 
of  molasses,  1-2  an  ounce  oil  vitriol;  the  vitriol  to 
be  put  in  last,  and  well  stirred  together. 

Botts  in  a  Horse. 

Bleed  in  the  mouth;  in  about  an  hour  or  two  af¬ 
ter  the  blood  is  stopped,  pour  down  two  ounces  of 
alum  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  cider,  warmed. 

Iron  Moulds. 

Take  strong  spirits  of  salts,  and  dipping  the  fin¬ 
ger  in  it,  daub  the  stain  with  acid,  letting  it  rest  un¬ 
til  it  is  removed.  If  the  spot  has  been  frequently 
washed,  it  will  be  hard  to  move;  in  this  case  put 
on  a  little  salt  of  sorrel  and  then  rub  it  well  with  a 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS 


25 


slice  of  lemon.  Then  wash  it  in  hot  soap  and  wa¬ 
ter,  and  rinse  it,  and  again  with  salt  of  sorrel  and 
lemon;  or,  add  to  it  the  tincture  of  galls,  till  it  turns 
black;  let  it  dry,  then  apply  salt  of  sorrel  and  lem¬ 
on:  sometimes  one  and  sometimes  the  other  an¬ 
swers. 


Liq  uid  Blacking. 

Take  three  ounces  gmm  shellack,  i  i-1  ounce 
Venice  turpentine,  one  pint  spirits  wine,  four  table 
spoonfuls  of  ivory  black;  put  the  gum  lack  in  the 
spirits  wine,  stop  it,  put  it  into  hot  water,  or  in  the 
sun,  until  dissolved,  then  add  the  turpentine  and 
ivory  black;  when  well  mixed  and  shook  up,  apply 
«t  with  a  sponge  or  small  brush. 

To  destroy  Flies. 

Take  half  a  tea  spoonful  of  black  pepper  made 
fine,  a  tea  spoonful  of  brown  sugar,  a  table  spoon 
ful  of  cream;  lay  in  a  plate  and  set  it  for  them. 

Bed  Bags. 

Dissolve  one  ounce  of  succotrine  aloes  in  a  gill 
of  spirits,  this  will  clear  several  bedsteads,  with  a 
trifling  cost — mark  the  breadth  of  a  finger  with  the 
solution,  round  the  foot  of  each  bedpost.  ■ 

Raisin  Wine. 

Put  20  pounds  of  raisins,  with  the  stalks  into  a 
hogshead,  and  fill  it  almost  full  of  spring  water;  let 
it  steep  about  twelve  days,  frequently  stirring  it 
about,  and  after  pouring  the  juice  off  press  the 
r  isins,  put  all  the  liquor  together  in  a  clean  ves- 
el.  You  will  find  it  to  hiss  for  some  time,  and 
when  the  noise  ceases,  stop  it  close  and  let  it  stand 


26 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


for  six  or  seven  months;  and  then,  if  it  proves  fine 
and  clear,  rack  it  off  into  another  vessel;  stir  it  up 
and  let  it  remain  twelve  or  fourteen  weeks  longer; 
then  bottle  it  off 


Ink  spots  on  Cotton. 

Apply  strong  vinegar,  lemon  juice  and  salt;  by 
rubbing  the  spot  with  part  of* a  lemon  or  common 
'muriatic  acid  diluted.  Washing  the  spot  well  in 
xold  water  after  the  stain  is  removed. 

To  remove  Printing  Ink. 

Apply  warm  oil  of  turpentine,  by  rubbing  the 
'spot  it  will  extract  ink  or  paint.  Warm  the  tur¬ 
pentine  by  putting  the  vial  in  warm  water. 

Stain  of  fruit  or  wine. 

Apply  strong  spirits  of  wine;  if  that  does  not  suc¬ 
ceed,  apply  oxy  muriatic  acid,  and  washing  with 
.soap  alternately .  Apply  this,  in  a  small  tea  or  cof¬ 
fee  cup,  put  three  or  four  tea  spoonfuls  of  common 
spirits  of  salt,  to  this  add  about  half  a  spoonful  of 
.red  lead,  after  having  immersed  the  small  cup  in  a 
larger  one  containing  hot  water:  moisten  the  stain 
jmd  stretch  it  over  the  vapor,  till  the  stain  be  effa¬ 
ced — -wash  it  well  in  water. 


To  remove  grease  spots. 

Apply  white  tobacco  pipe  .clay,  or  French  chalk 
(that  is  Steatite  or  soap  stone)  put  blotting  paper 
over  it  and  apply  a  hot  iron  at  a  little  distance. 
This  will  take  out  much  of  the  grease  by  repetition. 
Good  ether  or  hot  oil  of  turpentine  will  efface  the 
remainder.  Where  you  can  venture  to  wash  the 
place,  a  good  washing  with  hot  soap  and  water;  will 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  27 

i 

answer  every  purpose.  You  may  thus  efface  grease 
spots  from  paper,  should  any  slight  stain  remain  at 
the  edges,  brush  it  with  a  camel’s  hair  pencil,  dip¬ 
ped  in  very  strong  spirits  of  wine  or  ether 

Eye  Stone. 

It  is  asserted,  tnat  a  grain  of  flax  seed  possesses 
all  the  valuable  properties  of  an  eye  stone. 

Dye—  Yellow  and  Green. 

Cut  the  tops  of  potatoes  when  in  the  flower, 
bruise  and  press  it,  to  obtain  the  juice.  Linen  or 
woollen  kept  in  this  48  hours  takes  a  fine  yellow. 
Plunged  afterwards  in  a  blue  dye  it  acquires  a  per¬ 
manent  green  color. 


Ginger  Beer. 

Tak^,  forty  quarts  of  water,  thirteen  pounds  su¬ 
gar,  twelve  good  lemons,  or  a  proportionable  quan 
tity  of  lime  juice,  eight  ounces  of  bruised  ginger, 
and  the  whites  of  six  eggs,  well  beaten;  mix  all  to¬ 
gether,  skimming  it  before  it  begins  to  boil,  and 
boil  it  for  twenty  minutes;  add  an  ounce  of  ising- 
glass,  and  a  spoonful  of  balm,  after  it  is  put  into 
the  cask,  stir  it  well;  it  will  be  ready  for  bottling 
in  ten  days. 


Potatoes. 

Plough  a  deep  furrow,  place  a  quantity  of  cut 
straw  or  old  hay  in  the  furrow,  and  lay  the  seed  po¬ 
tatoes  on  it  a/id  cover  as  usual.  The  potatoes  will 
be  of  better  quality.  It  has  been  proved,  that  one 
large  potatoe  put  into  a  hill  is  preferable  and  more 
productive  than  cutting  them  in  the  usual  way. — 
Pick  off  the  blow's  and  balls. 


28 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


To  clarify-  Beer . 

Put  in  a  piece  of  soft  chalk,  as  big  as  two  hen’s 
eggs  to  a  barrell,  which  will  disturb  the  li*quor  and 
cause  it  to  fine,  and  will  draw  brisk,  though  it  was 
flat  before. 


Shoe  Blacking. 

Take  4  ounces  ivory  black,  and  half  pint  of  vin¬ 
egar,  mix  and  apply  with  a  brush  in  the  usual  way. 

Bees  preserved. 

About  the  first  of  May,  raise  the  hives  a  little, 
and  strew  some  fine  salt  under  the  edge,  which  will 
drive  the  worms  away. 

Corn  Stalks. 

Do  not  be  in  haste  to  cut  your  stalks,  until  they 
loose  their  deep  green  color,  begin  to  turn  yellow 
and  become  dry  at  the  top  end;  the  sap  of  the  up¬ 
per  stock  is  absorbed  and  is  necessary  to  the  growth 
of  the  ear;  by  cutting  too  early  you  will  loose  more 
in  grain  than  is  gained  in  fodder.  When  corn  is 
frost  bitten,  cut  it  up  by  the  roots,  tye  it  in  small 
bundles  and  stook  it. 


Spring  Rye. 

Sow  a  peck  of  oats,  with  a  bushel  of  spring  rye 
to  prevent  blasting,  it  is  easily  separated  from  the 
rye  by  a  good  winnowing  mill.  *  This  has  been 
proved. 

Fall  Ploughing. 

By  ploughing  land  in  the  fall,  intended  to  be 
planted  the  next  season,  the  weeds  are  turned  in 
and  grub  worms  and  eggs  are  destroyed. 


genuine  receipts. 


29 


To  bleach  Cotton. 

The  first  operation  consists  in  scouring  it  in  a 
slight  alkaline  solution;  or  what  is  better,  by  expo¬ 
sure  to  steam.  It  is  afterwards  put  into  a  basket, 
and  rinsed  in  running  water.  The  immersion  of 
cotton  in  an  alkaline  ley,  however  it  may  be  rinsed, 
always  leaves  with  it  an  earthy  deposit.  It  is  well 
known  that  cotton  bears  the  action  of  acids  better 
than  hemp  or  flax;  that  time  is  even  necessary  be- 
for  the  action  of  them  can  be  prejudicial  to  it;  and 
by  taking  advantage  of  this  valuable  property  in  re¬ 
gard  to  bleaching,  means  have  been  found  to  free 
it  from  the  earthy  deposit,  by  pressing  down  the  cot¬ 
ton  in  a  very  weak  solution  of  sulphuric  acid,  and 
afterwards  removing  the  acid  by  washing,  lest  too 
long  remaining  in  it  should  destroy  the  cotton. 

To  bleach  Wool. 

The  first  kind  of  bleaching  to  which  wool  is  sub¬ 
jected,  is  to  free  it  from  grease.  This  operation  is 
called  scouring.  In  manufactories,  it  is  generally 
performed  by  an  ammoniacal  ley,  formed  of  five 
measures  of  river  water  and  one  of  stale  urine; 
the  wool  is  immersed  for  about  twenty  minutes  in 
a  bath  of  this  mixture,  heated  to  fifty  six  degrees: 
it  is  then  taken  out,  suffered  to  drain,  and  then  rins¬ 
ed  in  running  water:  this  manipulation  softens  the 
wool,  and  gives  it  the  first  degree  of  whiteness;  it 
is  then  repeated  a  second,  and  even  a  third  time, 
after  which  the  wool  is  fit  to  be  employed.  In 
some  places  scouring  is  performed  with  water  slight¬ 
ly  impregnated  with  sop;  and,  indeed,  for  valuable 
articles,  this  process  is  preferable,  but  it  is  too  ex¬ 
pensive  for  articles  of  less  value. 

Sulphuric  acid  gas  unites  very  easily  with  water, 
3*  M 


30 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


and  in  this  combination  it  may  be  employed  for 
bleaching  wool  and  silk. 

To  bleach  silk. 

Take  a  solution  of  caustic  soda,  so  weak  as  to 
make  only  a  fourth  of  a  degree,  at  most,  of  the 
areometer  for  salts,  and  fill  with  it  the  boiler  of  the 
apparatus  for  bleaching  with  steam.  Charge  the 
frames  with  skeins  of  raw  silk,  and  place  them  in 
the  apparatus  until  it  is  full  ;  then  close  the  door 
and  make  the  solution  boil.  Having  continued  the 
ebulution  for  twelve  hours,  slacken  the  fire,  and 
open  :he  door  of  the  apparatus.  The  heat  of  the 
steam,  which  is  always  above  250  degrees,  will  have 
been  sufficient  to  free  the  silk  from  the  gum,  and  to 
scour  it.  Wash  the  skeins  in  warm  water  ;  and 
having  wrung  them,  place  them  again  on  the  frames 
in  the  apparatus  to  undergo  a  second  boiling.  Then 
wash  them  several  times  in  water,  and  immerse 
them  in  water  somewhat  soapy,  to  give  them  a  lit¬ 
tle  softness.  Notwithstanding  tftie  whiteness  which 
silk  acquires  by  these  different  alterations,  it  must 
be  carried  to  a  higher  degree  of  splendour  by  ex¬ 
posing  it  to  the  action  of  sulpheric  acid  gas,  in  a 
close  chamber,  or  by  immersing  it  in  sulphurous 
acid,  as  before  recommended  for  wool. 

To  clean  silk  stockings. 

Wash  with  soap  and  water;  and  simmer  them  m 
the  same  for  ten  minutes,  rinsing  in  cold  water. 
For  a  blue  cast,  put  one  drop  of  liquid  blue,  into  a 
pan  of  cold  spring  water,  run  the  stockings  through 
this  a  minute  or  two,  and  dry  them.  For  a  pink 
cast,  put  one  or  two  drops  of  saturated  pink  dye 
into  cold  water,  and  rinse  them  through  this.  For 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS, 


31 


a  flesh  color,  add  a  little  rose  pink  in  a  thin  soap 
iiquor,  rub  them  with  clean  flannel,  and  calender 
or  mangle  them. 

To  clean  buff  colored  cloth. 

Take  tobacco  pipe  clay,  and  mix  it  with  water 
as  thick  as  lime-water  used  for  whitewashing  rooms; 
spread  this  over  the  cloth,  and  when  it  is  dry,  rub 
it  off  with  a  brush,  and  the  cloth  will  look  extreme¬ 
ly  well. 

To  wash  fine  lace  or  linen. 

Take  a  gallon  of  furze  blossoms  and  burn  them 
to  ashes,  then  boil  them  in  six  quarts  of  soft  water; 
this,  when  fine,  use  in  washing  with  the  suds,  as 
occasion  requires,  and  the  linen,  &.c.  will  not  only 
be  exceedingly  white,  but  it  is  done  with  half  the 
soap,  and  little  trouble. 

To  clean  while  veils. 

Put  the  veil  in$a  solution  of  white  soap,  and  let 
it  simmer  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Squeeze  it  in 
some  water  and  soap  till  quite  clear  Rinse  it  from 
soap,  and  then  in  clean  cold  water,  in  which  is  a 
drop  of  liquid  blue.  Then  pour  boiling  water  up¬ 
on  a  teaspoonful  of  starch,  run  the  veil  through 
this,  and  clear  it  well,  by  clapping  it.  Afterwards 
pin  it  out,  keeping  the  edges  straight  and  even. 

To  clean  blade  silks. 

To  bullock’s  gall  add  boiling  water  sufficient  to 
make  it  warm,  and  with  a  clean  sponge,  rub  the 
silk  well  on  both  sides,  squeeze  it  well  out,  and 
proceed  again  in  like  manner.  Rinse  it  m  spring 
water,  and  change  the  water  till  perfectly  clean 
dry  it  in  the  air,  and  pin  it  out  on  a  table;  but  lirs* 


32 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


dip  the  sponge  in  glue  water,  and  rub.it  on  the 
wrong  side;  then  dry  it  before  a  fire. 

To  clean  black  veils. 

Pass  them  through  a  warm  liquor  of  bullock’s 
gall  and  water;  rinse  in  cold  water:  then  take  a 
small  piece  of  glue,  pour  boiling  water  on  it,  and 
pass  the  veil  through  it;  clap  it,  and  frame  it  to  dry 

To  clean  scarlet  cloth. 

Dissolve  the  best  white  soap;  and  if  black  look¬ 
ing  spots  appear,  rub  dry  soap  on  them;  while  the 
other  soap  is  dissolving;  with  hot  water,  brush  it 
Dff.  If  very  dirty,  immerse  the  article  into  the 
Warm  solution  and  rub  the  stained  parts.  Dispatch 
It  quickly,  and  as  soon  as  the  colour  begins  to  give 
wring  it  out,  and  immerse  it  in  a  pan  or  pail  of  warm 
water;  wring  it  again,  and  immerse  it  in  cold  spring 
Water,  in  which  mix  a  table  spoonfull  of  solution  of 
tin.  Stir  it  about,  and  in  ten  minutes  hang  it  to  dry 
in  the  shade,  and  cold  press  it. 

To  dip  scarlet  cloth. 

After  it  has  been  thoroughly  cleaned  with  soap, 
and  rinsed  with  warm  water,  put  into  boiling  spring 
water,  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  young  fustic,  or 
zant,  a  drachm  of  pounded  and  sifted  cochineal, 
and  and  equal  quantity  of  cream  of  tartar  and  coch¬ 
ineal;  boil  five  or  six  minutes,  and  cool  by  adding 
a  pint  or  two  of  cold  spring  water,  and  a  table 
spoonful  of  the  solution  of  tin.  Stir  the  mixture, 
put  in  the  cloth,  boil  for  ten  minutes,  and  when  dry 
cold  press  it. 


Dip  a  brush  in  warm  gall,  and  apply  it  to  greasy 


S3 


genuine  Receipts. 

peaces,  rinse  it  off  in  cold  water;  dry  by  the  lire, 
then  lay  the  coat  flat,  strew  damp  sand  over  it,  and 
with  a  brush  beat  the  sand  into  the  cloth  ;  then 
brush  it  out  with  a  hard  brush,  and  the  sand  will 
bring  away  the  dirt. — Rub  a  drop  of  oil  of  olives 
over  a  soft  brush,  to  brighten  the  colours 

To  take  stains  out  of  siver  plate. 

Steep  the  plate  in  soap  leys  for  the  space  of  four 
hours,  then  cover  it  over  with  whiting  wet  with  vin¬ 
egar,  so  that  it  may  stick  thick  upon  it,  and  dry  it 
by  the  fire;  after  which,  rub  off  the  whiting  and 
pass  it  over  with  bran,  and  the  spots  will  not  only 
disappear,  but  the  plate  will  look  exceedingly 
bright. 

To  cleanse  gloves  without  reciting. 

Lay  the  gloves  upon  a  clean  board,  make  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  dried  fulling  earth  and  powdered  allum,  and 
pass  them  over  on  each  side  with  a  common  stiff 
brush;  then  sweep  it  off,  snd  sprinkle  them  well 
with  dry  bran  and  whiting,  and  dust  them  well  ; 
this,  if  they  be  not  exceedingly  greasy,  will  render 
them  quite  clean;  but  if  they  are  much  soiled  take 
out  the  grease  with  crumbs  of  toasted  bread,  and 
powder  of  burnt  bone;  then  pass  them  over  with  a 
woollen  cloth  dipped  in  fulling  earth  or  alum  pow¬ 
der;  and  in  this  manner  they  can  be  cleaned  with¬ 
out  wetting,  which  frequently  shrinks  and  spoils 
them. 


To  take  out  writing. 

When  recently  written,  ink  may  be  completely 
removed  by  the  oxymuriatic  acid,  (concentrated 
and  in  solution.)  The  paper  is  to  be  washed  over 


34 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


repeatedly  with  the  acid;  but  it  will  be  necessary 
afterward  to  wash  it  with  lime  water,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  neutralizing  any  acid  that  may  be  left  on 
the  paper,  and  which  would  considerably  weaken 
it.  If  the  ink  has  been  long  written,  it  will  have 
undergone  such  a  change  as  to  prevent  the  preced¬ 
ing  process  acting.  It  ought  therefore  to  be  wash¬ 
ed  with  liver  of  sulphur  (sulphuret  of  ammonia) 
before  the  oxymuriatic  acid  is  applied.  It  may  be 
washed  with  a  hair  pencil. 

To  clean  paper  hangings. 

Cut  into  eight  half  quarters  a  stale  quartern  loaf ; 
with  one  of  these  pieces,  after  having  blown  off  all 
the  dust  from  the  paper  to  be  cleaned  by  means  of 
a  good  pair  of  bellows,  begin  at  the  top  of  the  room, 
holding  the  crust  in  the  hand,  and  wiping  lightly 
downward  with  the  crumb,  about  half  a  yard  at  each 
stroke,  till  the  upper  part  of  the  hangings  is  com¬ 
pletely  cleaned  all  round;  then  go  again  round  with 
the  like  sweeping  stroke  downward,  alwayfe  com¬ 
mencing  each  successive  course  a  little  higher  than 
the  upper  stroke  had  extended  till  the  bottom  be 
finished.  This  operation,  if  carefully  performed, 
will  frequently  make  very  old  paper  look  almost 
equal  to  new.  Great  caution  must  be  used  not  by 
any  means  to  rub  the  paper  hard,  nor  to  attempt 
cleaning  it  the  cross  or  horrizontal  way.  The  dir¬ 
ty  part  of  the  bread  too  must  be  each  time  cut 
away,  and  the  pieces  renewed  as  soon  as  at  all  ne¬ 
cessary.  , 

To  fry  meals  iSrc. 

Be  always  careful  to  keep  the  frying  pan  clean, 
and  see  that  it  is  properly  tinned.  When  frying  any 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


35 


sort  of  fish,  first  dry  them  in  a  cloth,  and  then  flour 
them.  Put  into  the  pan  plenty  of  dripping,  or 
hog’s  lard,  and  let  it  he  boiling  hot  before  putting 
in  the  fish.  Butter  is  not  so  good  for  the  purpose 
as  it  is  apt  to  burn  and  to  blacken,  and  make  them 
soft.  When  they  are  fried,  put  them  in  a  dish  or 
hair  sieve,  to  drain  before  they  are  sent  to  table. 
Olive  oil  is  the  best  article  for  frying,  but  it  is  ve¬ 
ry  expensive,  and  bad  oil  spoils  every  thing  that  is 
dressed  with  it.  Steaks  and  chops  should  be  put 
in  when  the  liquor  is  hot,  and  done  quickly,  of  a 
light  brown  and  turned  often.  Sausages  should 
be  done  gradually,  which  will  prevent  their  burst¬ 
ing. 

To  pot  leg  of  beef. 

Boil  a  leg  of  beef  till  the  meat  will  come  off  the 
bone  easily;  then  mix  it  with  a  cow  heal,  previous¬ 
ly  cut  into  thin  pieces,  and  season  the  whole  with 
salt  and  spice;  add  a  little  of  the  liquor  in  which 
the  leg  of  beef  was  boiled,  put  it  into  a  cheese-vat 
or  cullender  or  some  other  vessel  that  will  let  the 
liquor  run  off ;  place  a  very  heavy  weight  over  it, 
and  it  will  be  ready  for  use  in  a  day  or  two.  It  may 
be  kept  in  souse  made  of  bran  boiled  in  water,  with 
the  addition  of  a  little  vinegar. 

To  make  a  plain  pudding. 

Weigh  three  quarters  of  a  pound  of  any  odd 
scraps  of  bread,  whether  crust  or  crumb,  cut  them 
small,  and  pour  on  them  a  pint  and  a  half  of  boil¬ 
ing  water,  to  soak  them  well.  Let  it  stand  till  the 
water  is  cool,  then  press  it  out,  and  mash  the  bread 
smooth  with  the  back  of  a  spoon.  Add  to  it,  a 
tea-spoonful  of  beaten  ginger,  some  moist  sugar, 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


*■ 

56 

and  three  quarters  of  a  lb.  of  currants.  Mix  all 
well  together,  and  lay  it  in  a  pan  well  buttered. 
Flatten  it  down  with  a  spoon,  and  lay  some  pieces 
of  butter  on  the  tod.  Bake  it  in  a  moderate  oven, 
and  serve  it  hot.  When  cold,  it  will  turn  out  of 
the  pan,  and  eat  like  good  plain  cheese  cakes. 

A  baked  potato  pudding. 

Mix  twelve  ounces  of  potatoes  boiled,  skimmed, 
and  mashed,  1  oz.  of  suet,  quarter  of  a  pint  of  milk, 
and  1  oz.  of  cheese  grated  tine;  add  as  much  boil¬ 
ing  water  as  is  necessary  to  produce  a  due  consis¬ 
tence,  and  bake  it  in  an  earthen  pan. 

Tansy  pudding. 

Blanch  and  pound  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  Jor¬ 
dan  almonds;  put  them  into  a  stew  pan,  add  a  gill 
of  the  syrup  of  roses,  the  crumb  of  a  French  roll, 
some  grated  nutmeg,  half  a  glass  of  brandy,  two 
tablespoonfuls  of  tansy  juice,  3  oz.  of  fresh  butter, 
and  some  slices  of  citron.  Pour  over  it  a  pint  and 
a  half  of  boiling  cream  or  milk,  sweeten,  and  when 
cold,  mix  it;  add  the  juice  of  a  lemon,  and  8  eggs 
beaten.  It  may  be  either  boiled  or  baked. 

To  make  a  Fast  day's  dish. 

Boil  eggs  very  hard,  and  cut  a  little  from  the 
thick  ends.  Fry  them  in  a  pan,  and  take  care  to 
keep  them  continually  in  motion;  then  place  them 
in  the  dish,  pour  over  them  some  good  fish  or  herb 
gravy,  and  garnish,  with  lemon. 

To  make  a  puff  paste. 

Take  a  quarter  of  a  peck  of  flour,  and  rub  it  into 
a  pound  of  butter  very  fine.  Make  it  up  into  a 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


37 


light  paste  with  cold  water  just  stiff  enough  to  work 
it  up.  Then  lay  it  out  about  as  thick  as  a  crown 
piece;  put  a  layer  of  butter  all  over,  then  sprinkle 
on  a  little  flour,  double  it  up,  and  roll  it  out  again. 
Double  and  roll  it  with  layers  of  butter  three  times, 
and  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 


To  make  a  short  crust. 

Put  six  ounces  of  butter  to  eight  ounces  of  flour, 
and  work  them  well  together;  then  mix  it  up  with 
as  little  water  as  possible,  so  as  to  have  it  a  stiflish 
paste;  then  roll  it  out  thin  for  use. 

To  make  paste  for  tarts. 

Put  an  ounce  of  loaf  sugar,  beat  and  sifted,  to 
one  pound  of  fine  flour.  Make  it  into  a  stiff  paste, 
with  a  gill  of  boiling  cream,  and  three  ounces  of 
nutter.  Work  it  well,  and  roll  it  very  thin. 


To  steam  potatoes. 

Put  them  clean  washed,  with  their  skins  on,  into 
a  steam  saucepan,  and  let  the  water  under  them 
be  about  half  boiling,  let  them  continue  to  boil 
rather  quickly,  until  they  are  done;  if  the  water 
once  relaxes  from  its  heat,  the  goodness  of  the  po¬ 
tato  is  sure  to  be  affected,  and  to  become  soddened, 
let  the  quality  be  ever  so  good.  A  too  precipitate 
boiling  is  equally  disadvantageous;  as  the  higher 
parts  of  the  surface  of  the  root  begin 'to  crack  and 
open,  while  the  centre  continues  unheated  and  un¬ 
decomposed  . 


Of  7'OOtS. 

Cut  carrots  and  parsnips  to  the  length  of  a  fin¬ 
ger,  and  of  much  the  same  thickness;  boil  them 
4 


38  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

till  half  done  in  water,  put  them  into  a  stew  pan 
with  small  bits  of  ham,  chopped  parsley,  and  shal- 
ots,  pepper  and  salt,  a  glass  of  wine  and  broth;  let 
them  stew  slowly  until  the  broth  is  reduced  pretty 
thick,  and  add  the  squeeze  of  a  lemon  when  ready 
to  serve.  For  maigre,  instead  of  ham,  use  mush¬ 
rooms,  and  make  a  mixture  beat  up  with  yolks  of 
eggs  and  maigre  broth.  Celery  is  done  much  the 
same,  only  it  is  cut  smaller.  If  these  roots  are  to 
be  served  in  a  boat  for  sauce,  boil  them  tender  in 
the  broth  pot,  or  in  water,  cut  them  into  the  desired 
length,  and  serve  with  a  good  gravy  or  white  sauce. 

To  make  a  rich  plum  cake. 

Take  one  pound  of  fresh  butter,  one  pound  of 
sugar,  one  pound  -and  a  half  of  flour,  two  pounds 
of  currants,  a  glass  of  brandy,  one  pound  of  sweet¬ 
meats,  two  ounces  of  sweet  almonds,  ten,  eggs,  a 
quarter  of  an  ounce  of  allspice,  and  a  quarter  of 
an  ounce  of  cinnamon. 

Melt  the  butter  to  cream,  and  put  in  the  sugar, 
stir  it  till  quite  light,  adding  the  allspice,  and  poun¬ 
ded  cinnamon;  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour  take  the 
yolks  of  the  eggs,  and  work  them  in,  two  or  three 
at  a  time;  and  the  whites  of  the  same  must  by  this 
time  be  beaten  into  a  strong  snow  quite  ready  to 
work  in;  as  the  paste  must  not  stand  to  chill  the 
butter,  or  it  will  be  heavy,  work  in  the  white  grad¬ 
ually:  then  add  the  orange  peel,  lemon  and  citron, 
cut  in  fine  stripes,  and  the  currants,  which  must  be 
mixed  in  well,  with  the  sweet  almonds.  Then  add 
the  sifted  flour  and  glass  of  brandy.  Bake  this 
oake  in  a  tin  hoop  in  a  hot  oven  for  three  hours, 
and  put  twelve  sheets  of  paper  under  it  to  keep  it 
from  burning. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


39 


To  make  a  rich  seed  cake . 

Take  a  pound  and  a  quarter  of  flour  well  dried, 
a  pound  of  butter,  a  pound  of  loaf  sugar,  beat  and 
sifted,  eight  eggs  and  two  ounces  of  caraway  seed, 
one  grated  nutmeg,  and  its  weight  in  *  cinnamon. 
Beat  the  butter  into  a  cream,  put  in  the  sugar,  beat 
the  whites  of  the  eggs  and  the  yolks  separately, 
then  mix  them  with  the  butter  and  sugar.  Beat  in 
the  flour,  spices’  and  seed,  a  little  before  sending  it 
away.  Bake  it  two  hours  in  a  quick  oven. 

A  plain  pound  cake. 

Beat  one  pound  of  butter  in  an  earthern  pan  un¬ 
til  it  is  like  a  fine  thick  cream,  then  beat  in  nine 
whole  eggs  till  quite  light .  Put  in  a  gla*ss  of  bran¬ 
dy,  a  little  lemon  peel,  shred  fine,  then  work  in  a 
pound  and  a  quarter  of  flour;  put  it  into  the  hoop 
or  pan  and  bake  it  for  an  hour.  A  good  plum  cake 
is  mi  de  the  same  with  putting  one  pound  and  a 
half  of  clean  washed  currants  and  half  a  pound  of 
candied  lemon  peel. 

Beat  the  yolks  of  fifteen  eggs  for  nearly  half  an 
hour,  with  a  whisk,  mix  well  with  them  ten  ounces 
of  fine  sifted  loaf,  sugar,  put  in  half  a  pound  of 
ground  rice,  a  little  orange  water  or  brandy,  and 
the  rinds  of  two  lemons  grated,  then  add  the  whites 
of  seven  eggs  well  beaten,*  and  stir  the  whole  to¬ 
gether  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Put  them  into  a 
hoop  and  set  them  in  a  quick  oven  for  half  an  hour 
when  they  will  be  properly  done. 

To  make  plain  gingerbread. 

Mix  three  pounds  of  flour  with  four  ounces  ot 
moist  sugar,  half  an  ounce  of  powdered  ginger,  and 


40 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


one  pound  and  a  quarter  of  warm  treacle;  melt  half 
a  pound  of  fresh  butter  in  it:  put  it  to  the  flour  and 
make  it  a  paste;  then  form  it  into  nuts  or  cakes,  or 
bake  it  in  one  cake. 


To  make  cream  cakes. 

Beat  the  whites  of  nine  eggs  to  a  stiff  froth,  stir 
it  gently  with  a  spoon  lest  the  froth  should  fall,  and 
to  every  white  of  an  egg  grate  the  rinds  of  two  lem¬ 
ons;  shake  in  gently  a  spoonfull  of  double  refined 
sugar  sifted  fine,  lay  a  wet  sheet  of  paper  on  a  tin, 
and  with  a  spoon  drop  the  froth  in  little  lumps  on 
it  near  each  other.  Sift  a  good  quantity  of  sugar 
over  them,  set  them  in  the  oven  after  the  bread  is 
out,  and  close  up  the  mouth  of  it,  which  will  occa¬ 
sion  the  froth  to  rise.  As  soon  as  they  are  color¬ 
ed  they  will  be  sufficiently  baked;  lay  them  by  two 
bottoms  together  on  a  sieve  and  dry  them  in  a  cool 
oven. 

To  make  common  buns. 

Rub  four  ounces  of  butter  into  two  pounds  of 
flour,  a  little  salt,  four  ounces  of  sugar,  a  dessert 
spoonful  of  caraways,  and  a  teaspoonful  of  ginger; 
put  some  warm  milk  or  cream  to  four  table  spoon- 
fulls  of  yeast;  mix  all  together  into  a  paste,  but  not 
too  stiff ;  cover  it  over  and  set  it  before  the  fire 
an  hour  to  rise,  then  make  it  into  buns,  put  them 
on  a  tin,  set  them  before  the  fire  for  a  quarter  of 
an  hour,  cover  over  with  flannel,  then  brush  them 
with  very  warm  milk  and  bake  them  of  a  nice  brown 
in  a  moderate  oven. 


Baked  Custards. 

Boil  a  pint  of  cream  with  some  mace  and  cinna- 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


4! 


mon,  and  when  it  is  cold,  take  four  yolks  of  eggs, 
a  little  rose  water,  sack,  nutmeg  and  sugar,  to  taste; 
mix  them  well  and  bake  them. 


Rice  Custards. 

Put  a  blade  of  mace,  and  a  quartered  nutmeg  in¬ 
to  a  quart  of  cream;  boil  and  strain  it,  and  add  to 
it  some  boiled  i^ice  and  a  little  brandy.  Sweeten  it 
to  taste,  stir  it  till  it  thickens,  and  serve  it  up  in 
cups  or  in  a  dish;  it  may  be  used  either  hot  or  cold. 

To  make  apple  cakes. 

Take  half  a  quartern  of  dough,  roll  it  out  thin: 
spread  equally  over  it  five  ounces  each  of  coffee 
and  sugar,  a  little  nutmeg  or  allspice,  and  two  oz. 
of  butter;  then  fold  and  roll  it  again  two  or  three 
times,  to  mix  well  the  ingredients.  Afterwards  roll 
it  out  thin,  and  spread  over  it  four  rather  large  ap¬ 
ples,  pared,  cored,  and  chopped  small  ;  fold  it  up, 
and  roll  until  mixed.  Let  it  stand  to  rise  after. 
Half  a  pound  of  butter  may  be  added. 

Sponge  biscuits. 

Beat  the  yolks  of  twelve  eggs  for  half  an  hour; 
then  put  in  one  and  a  half  pounds  of  beaten  sifted 
sugar,  and  whisk  it  till  it  rises  in  bubbles;  beat  the 
whites  to  a  strong  froth,  and  whisk  them  well  with 
the  sugar  and  yolks,  work  in  fourteen  ounces  of 
flour,  with  the  rinds  of  two  lemons  grated.  Bake 
them  in  tin  mould  buttered,  in  a  quick  oven,  for  an 
hour;  before  they*  are  baked,  sift  a  little  fine  sugar 
over  them. 


To  make  fancy  biscuits. 

Take  one  pound  of  almonds,  one  pound  of  sugar, 
4* 


4* 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


and  some  orange  flower  water.  Pounci  the  al¬ 
monds  very  fine,  and  sprinkle  them  with  orange 
flower  water;  when  they  are  perfectly  smooth  to 
the  touch,  put  them  in  a  small  pan,  with  flour  sifted 
through  a  silk  sieve;  put  the  pan  on  a  slow  fire, 
and  dry  the  paste  till  it  does  not  stick  to  the  fin¬ 
gers;  move  it  well  from, the  bottom  to  prevent  its 
burning;  then  take  it  off,  and  roll  it  into  small  round 
fillets,  to  make  knots,  rings,  & c.  and  cut  into  vari¬ 
ous  shapes;  make  an  iceing  of  different  colours, 
dip  one  side  of  them  in  it,  and  set  them  in  it,  and 
set  them  on  wire  gratings  to  drain.  They  may  be 
varied  by  strewing  over  them  colored  pistachios,  or 
colored  almonds,  according  to  fancy. 

Black  currant  jelly . 

Put  to  ten  quarts  of  ripe  dry  black  currants,  one 
quart  of  water;  put  them  in  a  large  stew-pot,  tie 
paper  close  over  them,  and  set  them  for  two  hours 
in  a  cool  oven.  Squeeze  them  through  a  fine  cloth, 
and  add  to  every  quart  of  juice  a  pound  and  a  half 
of  loaf  sugar  broken  into  small  pieces.  Stir  it  till 
the  sugar  is  melted,  when  it  boils,  skim  it  quite 
cleam.  Boil  it  pretty  quick  over  a  clear  fire,  till 
it  jellies,  which  is  known  by  dipping  a  skimmer  in¬ 
to  the  jelley  and  holding  it  in  the  air;  when  it  hangs 
to  the  spoon  in  a  drop,  it  is  done.  If  the  jelley  is 
boiled  too  long,  it  will  loose  its  flavour  and  shrink 
very  much.  Pour  it  into  pots,  cover  them  with 
brandy  papers,  and  keep  them  in  a  dry  place.  Red 
and  white  jellies  are  made  in  the  same  way. 

Raspberry  cream. 

Rub  a  quart  of  raspberries  through  a  hair  sieve, 
and  out  the  seeds,  and  mix  it  well  with  cream; 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


43 


sweeten  it  with  sugar  to  your  taste,  then  put  into  a 
stone  jug,  and  raise  a  froth  with  a  chocolate  mill, 
As  the  froth  rises  take  it  off  with  a  spoon,  and  lay 
it  upon  a  hair  sieve.  When  there  is  as  much  froth 
as  wanted,  put  what  cream  remains  in  a  deep  china 
dish,  and  pour  the  frothed  cream  upon  it,  as  high 
as  it  will  lie  on. 


Strawberry  jam. 

Bruise  very  fine  some  scarlet  strawberries,  gath¬ 
ered  when  quite  ripe,  and  put  to  them  a  little  juice 
of  red  currants.  Beat  and  sift  their  weight  in  su¬ 
gar,  strew  it  over  them,  and  put  them  into  a  pre¬ 
serving  pan.  Set  them  over  a  clear  slow  fire,,  skim 
them,  then  boil  them  twenty  minutes,  and  put  them 
into  glasses. 


Raspberry  jam. 

Mash  a  quantity  of  fine  ripe  dry  raspberries, 
^trew  on  them  their  own  weight  of  loaf  sugar,  and 
half  their  weight  of  white  currant  juice.  Boil  them 
half  an  hour  over  a  clear  slow  fire,  skim  them  >vell, 
and  put  them  into  pots  or  glasses;  tie  them  down 
with  brandy  papers,  and  keep  them  dry.  Strew  on 
the  sugar  as  quick  as  possible  after  the  berries  are 
gathered,  and  in  order  to  preserve  their  flavour 
they  must  not  stand  long  before  boiling  them. 

To  salt  hams . 

For  three  hams,  pound  and  mix  together  half  a 
peck  of  salt,  half  an  ounce  of  salt  prunella,  three 
ounces  of  salt  petre,  and  four  pounds  of  coarse 
salt;  rub  the  hams  well  with  this,  and  lay  what  is 
to  spare  over  them,  let  them  lie  three  days,  then 
hang  them  up.  Take  the  pickle  in  which  the  hams 


44 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


were,  put  water  enough  to  cover  the  hams  with 
more  common  salt,  till  it  will  bear  an  egg,  then  boil 
and  skim  it  well,  put  it  in  the  salting  tub,  and  the 
next  morning  put  in  the  hams  ;  keep  them  down 
like  pickled  pork;  in  a  fortnight  take  them  out  of 
the  liquor,  rub  them  well  with  brine,  and  hang  them 
up  to  dry. 


To  pickle  in  brine. 

A  good  brine  is  made  of  bay  salt  and  water, 
thoroughly  saturated,  so  that  some  of  the  salt  re¬ 
mains  undissolved;  into  this  brine  the  substance  to 
be  preserved  is  plunged,  and  kept  covered  with  it. 
Among  vegetables,  French  beans,  artichokes,  ol¬ 
ives,  and  the  different  sorts  of  samphire,  may  be 
thus  preserved,  and  among  animals,  herrings. 


To  bottle  damsons. 

Put  damsons,  before  they  are  too  ripe,  into  wide 
mouthed  bottles,  and  cork  them  down  tight;  then 
put  them  into  a  moderately  heated  oven,  and  about 
three  hours  more  will  do  them;  observe  that  the 
oven  is  not  too  hot,  otherwise  it  will  make  the  fruit 
fly.  All  kinds  of  fruits  that  are  bottled  may  be 
done  in  the  same  way,  and  they  will  keep  two  years; 
after  they  are  done,  they  must  be  put  away  with 
the  mouth  downward,  in  a  cool  place,  to  keep  them 
from  fermenting. 


To  preserve  grapes. 

Take  close  bunches  whether  white  or  red,  not  too 
ripe,  and  lay  them  in  a  jar.  Put  to  them  a  quarter 
of  a  pound  of  sugar  candy,  and  fill  the  jar  with 
common  brandy.  Tie  them  up  close  with  a  blad¬ 
der,  and  set  them  in  a  dry  place. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


45 


To  dry  cherries. 

Having  stoned  the  desired  quantity  of  morjeilo 
cherries,  put  a  pound  and  a  quarter  of  fine  sugar  to 
every  pound;  beat  and  sift  it  over  the  cherries,  and 
let  them  stand  all  night.  Take  them  cut  of  their 
sugar,  and  to  every  pound  of  sugar,  put  two  spoons¬ 
ful  of  water.  Boil  and  skim  it  well,  then  put  in 
the  cherries;  boil  the  sugar  over  them,  and  next 
morning  strain  them,  and  to  every  pound  of  syrup 
put  half  a  pound  more  sugar;  boil  it  till  it  is  a  little 
thicker,  then  put  in  the  cherries  and  let  them  boil 
gently.  The  next  day  strain  them,  put  them  in  a 
stove,  and  turn  them  every  day  till  they  are  dry. 

To  preserve  strawberries  whole. 

Take  an  equal  weight  of  fruit  and  double  refin¬ 
ed  sugar,  lay  the  former  in  a  large  dish,  and  sprin¬ 
kle  half  the  sugar  in  fine  powder;  give  a  gentle 
shake  to  the  dish,  that  the  sugar  may  touch  the  un¬ 
der  side  of  the  fruit.  Next  day  make  a  thin  syrup 
with  the  remainder  of  the  sugar;  and  allow  one 
pint  of  red  currant  juice  to  every  three  pounds  of 
strawberries;  in  this  simmer  them  until  they  are 
sufficiently  jellied.  Choose  the  largest  scarlets, 
not  dead  ripe. 


To  keep  gooseberries. 

Put  an  ounce  of  roche  alum  beat  very  fine,  into 
a  large  pan  of  boiling  hard  water;  place  a  few 
gooseberries  at  the  bottom  of  a  hair  sieve,  and  hold 
them  in  the  water  till  they  turn  white.  Then  take 
out  the  sieve,  and  spread  the  gooseberries  between 
two  cloths;  put  more  into  the  sieve,  then  repeat  it 
till  they  are  all  done.  Put  the  water  into  a  glazed 
pot  until  the  next  day,  then  put  the  gooseberries 


48 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


jnto  wide  mouthed  bottles,  pick  out  all  the  cracked 
and  broken  ones,  pour  the  water  clear  out  of  the 
pot,  and  fill  the  bottles  with  it,  cork  them  loosely 
and  let  them  stand  a  fortnight.  If  they  rise  to  the 
corks,  take  them  out  and  let  them  stand  two  or 
three  days  uncorked,  then  cork  them  close  again 

To  make  cream  of  roses. 

Take  one  pound  of  oil  of  sweet  almonds,  one 
ounce  of  spermaceti,  one  ounce  of  white  wax,  one 
pint  of  rose  water,  and  two  drachms  of  Malta  rose 
or  nerolet  essence.  Put  the  oil,  spermaceti,  and 
wax,  into  a  well  glazed  pipkin,  over  a  clear  fire, 
and  when  melted,  pour  in  the  rose  water  by  de¬ 
grees,  and  keep  heating,  till  the  compound  becomes 
like  pomatum.  Now  add  the  essence,  and  then 
put  the  cream  into  small  pots  or  jars,  which  must 
be  well  covered  with  pieces  of  bladder,  and  soft 
skin  leather. 


Pearl  ivater  for  the  face. 

Put  half  a  pound  of  the  best  Spanish  oil  soap, 
scraped  very  fine,  into  a  gallon  of  boiling  water, 
stir  it  well  for  some  time,  and  let  it  stand  till  cold. 
Add  a  quart  of  rectified  spirit  of  wine,  and  half  an 
ounce  of  oil  of  rosemary;  stir  them  again.  This 
compound  liquid,  when  put  up  in  proper  phials,  in 
Italy,  is  called  tincture  of  pearls.  It  is  an  excel¬ 
lent  cosmetic  for  removing  freckles  from  the  face, 
and  for  improving  the  complexion. 

Common  almond  paste 

To  make  this  paste,  take  six  pounds  of  fresh  al 
monds,  which  blanch  and  beat  in  a  stone  mortar, 
with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  rose  w  ater.  Now'  add 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  47 

a  pound  of  finely  drained  honey,  and  mix  the  whole 
well  together.  This  paste,  which  is  exceedingly 
good  for  the  hands,  is  to  be  put  into  small  pots  for 
sale.  If  this  paste  gets  dry,  rub  it  up  on  a  marble 
slab  with  rose  water.  To  prevent  this  dryness, 
put  about  half  a  teaspoonftil  of  this  water  on  the  top 
of  each  pot,  before  tying  up. 

An  astringent  for  the  teeth. 

Take  of  fresh  conserve  of  roses  two  ounces,  the 
juice  of  half  a  sour  lemon,  a  little  very  rough  clar¬ 
et,  and  six  ounces  of  coral  tooth  powder.  Make 
them  into  a  paste,  which  put  up  in  small  pots;  and 
if  it  dry  by  standing,  moisten  with  lemon  juice  and 
wine  as  before. 


To  prevent  the  tooth  ache. 

Rub  well  the  teeth  and  gums  with  a  hard  tooth¬ 
brush,  using  the  flowers  of  sulphur  as  a  tooth  pow¬ 
der,  every  night  on  going  to  bed;  and  if  it  is  done 
after  dinner  it  will  be  best:  this  is  an  excellent  pre¬ 
servative  to  the  teeth,  and  void  of  any  unpleasant 
smell. 


A  radical  cure  for  the  tooth' ache. 

Use  as  a  tooth  powder  the  Spanish  snuff  called 
Sibella,  and  it  will  clean  the  teeth  as  well  as  any 
other  powder,  and  totally  prevent  the  tooth-ache; 
and  make  a  regular  practice  of  washing  behind  the 
ears  with  cold  water  every  morning,  the  remedy  is 
infallible. 


To  make  rose  lip  salve. 

Put  eight  ounces  of  the  best  olive  oil  into  a  wide 
mouthed  bottle,  add  two  ounces  of  the  small  parts 


48 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


of  alkanet  root.  Stop  up  the  bottle,  and  set  it  in 
the  sun;  shake  it  often,  until  it  be  of  a  beautiful 
crimson.  Now  strain  the  oil  off  very  clear  from 
the  roots,  and  add  to  it,  in  a  glazed  pipkin,  three 
ounces  of  very  fine  white  wax,  and  the  same  quan¬ 
tity  of  fresh  clean  mutton  suet.  Deer  suet  is  too 
brittle,  and  also  apt  to  turn  yellow.  Melt  this  by  a 
'  slow  fire,  and  perfume  it  when  taken  off,  with  forty 
i  drops  of  oil  of  rhodium,  or  of  lavender.  When 
j  cold  put  it  into  small  gallipots,  or  rather  whilst  in  a 
liquid  state. 

The  common  way  is  to  make  this  salve  up  into 
small  cakes;  but  in  that  form  the  colour  is  apt  to 
i  be  impaired. 

This  salve  never  fails  to  cure  chopped  or  sore 
lips,  if  applied  pretty  freely  at  bed  time,  ,in  the 
course  of  a  day  or  two  at  farthest . 

To  sweeten  the  breath. 

Take  two  ounces  of  terra  japonica;  half  an  ounce 
of  sugar  candy,  both  in  powder.  Grind  one  drachm 
of  the  best  ambergris  with  ten  grains.of  pure  musk; 
and  dissolve  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of  clean  gum 
tragacanth  in  two  ounces  of  orange  flour  water. 
Mix  all  together,  so  as  to  form  a  paste,  which  roll 
into  pieces  of  the  thickness  of  a  straw.  Cut  these 
into  pieces,  and  lay  them  in  clean  paper.  This  is 
an  excellent  perfume  for  those  whose  breath  is  dis¬ 
agreeable. 


Excellent  perfume  for  gloves. 

Take  of  damask  or  rose  scent,  half  an  ounce, 
the  spirit  of  cloves  and  mace,  each  a  drachm  ; 
frankincense,  one  quarter  of  an  ounce.  Mix  them 
together,  and  lay  them  in  papers,  and  when  hard, 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


49 


press  the  gloves;  they  will  take  the  scent  in  twen¬ 
ty-four  hours,  and  hardly  ever  lose  it. 

To  perfume  clothes. 

Take  of  oven-dried  best  cloves,  cedar  and  rhu¬ 
barb  wood,  each  one  ounce,  beat  them  to  a  powder 
and  sprinkle  them  in  a*box  or  chest,  where  they 
will  create  a  most  beautiful  scent,  and  preserve  the 
apparrel  against  moths. 

To  preserve  brass  ornaments. 

Brass  ornaments,  when  not  gilt  or  lackered,  may 
be  cleaned  in  the  same  way,  and  a  fine  colour  may 
be  given  to  them  by  two  simple  processes.  The 
first  is  to  beat  sal  ammoniac  into  a  fine  powder, 
then  to  moisten  it  with  soft  water,  rubbing  it  on 
the  ornaments,  which  must  be  heated  over  char¬ 
coal,  and  rubbed  dry  with  bran  and  whiting.  The 
second  is  to  wash  the  brass  work  with  roche  alum 
boiled  in  strong  ley,  in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce 
to  a  pint;  when  dry  it  must  be  rubbed  with  fine 
tripoli.  Either  of  these  processes  will  give  to 
brass  the  brilliancy  of  gold. 

To  clean  gold  lace. 

Gold  lace  is  easily  cleaned  and  restored  to  its 
original  brightness  by  rubbing  it  with  a  soft  brush 
dipped  in  roch  alum  burnt,  sifted  to  a.  very  fine 
powder. 


To  make  cement  for  metals. 

Take  of  gum  mastic,  10  grains, — rectified  spirit 
of  wine,  2  drachms.  Add  2  ounces  of  strong 
isinglass  glue,  made  with  brandy,  and  10  grains  of 
the  true  gum  ammoniac.  Dissolve  all  together, 
5 


50  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

and  keep  it  stopped  in  a  phial.  WlTen  intended  to 
be  used,  set  it  in  warm  water. 


To  take  out  spots  of  ink. 

As  soon  as  the  accident  happens,  wet  the  place 
with  juice  of  sorrel  or  lemon,  or  with  vinegar,  and 
the  best  hard  white  soap.  * 


To  make  red  sealing  wax. 

Take  of  shell-lac,  well  powdered,  two  parts,  of 
i  rosin  and  Vermillion,  powdered,  each,  1  part.  Mix 
them  well  together  and  melt  them  over  a  gentle 
fire,  and  when  the  ingredients  seem  thoroughly 
incorporated,  work  the  wax  into  sticks.  Where 
shell-lac  cannot  be  procured,  seed-lac  may  be  sub¬ 
stituted  for  it. 

The  quantity  of  Vermillion  may  be  diminished 
without  any  injury  to  the  sealing  wax,  where  it  is 
not  required  to  be  of  the  highest  and  brightest 
red  colour;  and  the  rest  should  be  of  the  whitest 
kind,  as  that  improves  the  effect  of  the  vermillion. 


Black  sealing  wax. 

Proceed  as  directed  for  the  red  wax,  only  in¬ 
stead  of  the  vermillion  substitute  the  best  ivory 
black. 


A  COMPLETE  SYSTEM 

OF 

BYJSIMC*, 

IN  ALL  ITS  VARIETIES. 


To  prepare  mordants. 

Dying  is  a  chemical  process,  and  consists  in 
combining  a  certain  colouring  matter  with  fibres 
of  cloth.  The  facility  with  which  cloth  imbibes 
a  dye,  depends  upon  two  circumstances;  the  union 
of  the  cloth  and  the  dye-stuff,  and  the  union  of 
the  dye-stuff,  or  dyeing  material,  and  the  fluid  in 
which  it  is  dissolved.  Wool  unites  with  almost  all 
colouring  matters,  silk  in  the  next  degree,  cotton 
considerably  less,  and  linnen  the  least  of  all.  To 
dye  cotton  or  linen,  the  dye-stuff,  or  colouring 
material,  should,  in  many  cases,  be  dissolved  in  a 
substance  for  which  it  has  a  weaker  connexion 
than  with  the  solvent  employed  in  the  dying  of 
wool  or  silk.  Thus  we  may  use  the  colour  called 
oxide  of  iron,  dissolved  in  sulphuric  acid,  to  dye 
wool;  but  to  dye  cotton  and  linen,  it  is  necessary 
to  dissolve  it  in  acetous  acid.  Were  it  possible  to 
procure  a  sufficient  number  of  colouring  substan¬ 
ces,  having  a  strong  affinity  for  cloths,  to  answer 
all  the  purposes  of  dyeing,  that  art  would  be  ex¬ 
ceedingly  simple  and  easy.  But  this  is  by  no 
means  the  case.  This  difficulty  has,  however, 
been  obviated  by  a  very  ingenious  contrivance. 
Some  other  substance  is  employed  which  strongly 
unites  with  the  cloth  and  the  colouring  matter. 
This  substance,  therefore,  is  previously  combined 
with  the  cloth,  which  is  then  dipped  into  a  solution 


52 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


containing  the  colour.  The  colour  then  combines 
with  the  intermediate  substance,  which  being  firm¬ 
ly  combined  with  the  cloth,  secures  the  perma¬ 
nence  of  the  dye.  Substances  employed  for  this 
purpose  are  denominated  mordants. 

To  choose  and  apply  them. 

The  most  important  part  of  dyeing  is,  therefore, 
the  choice  and  application  of  mordants;  as  upon 
them,  the  permanency  of  almost  every  dye  de¬ 
pends.  Mordants  must  be  previously  dissolved  in 
some  liquid,  which  has  a  weaker  union  with  the 
mordants  than  the  cloth  has;  and  the  cloth  must 
then  be  steeped  in  this  solution,  so  as  to  saturate 
itself  with  the  mordant.  The  most  important,  and 
mf>s.t  generally  used  mordant  is  alumine.  It  is  used 
either  in  a  state  of  common  alum ,  in  which  it  is 
combined  with  sulphuric  acid,  or  in  that  state  cal¬ 
led  acetite  of  alumine. 


Use  of  alum  as  a  mordant. 

Alum,  to  make  a  mordant,  is  dissolved  in  water, 
and  very  frequently,  a  quantity  of  tartrate  of  potass 
is  dissolved  with  it.  Into  this  solution  woolen  cloth 
is  put,  and  kept  in  it  till  it  has  absorbed  as  much 
alumine  as  is  necessary.  It  is  then  taken  out,  and 
for  the  most  part  washed  and  dried.  It  is  now  a 
good  deal  heavier  than  it  was  before,  owing  to  the 
alum  that  has  combined  with  it. 


Acetite  of  alumine , 

Is  prepared  as  a  mordant  by  pouring  acetite  of 
lead  into  a  solution  of  alum.  This  mordant  is  em¬ 
ployed  for  cotton  and  linen.  It  answers  for  these 
much  better  than  alum;  the  stuff  is  more  easily 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


53 


saturated  with  alumine,  and  takes,  in  consequence, 
a  richer,  and  more  permanent  colour 

White  oxide  of  tin. 

This  mordant  has  enabled  the  moderns  *  greatly 
to  surpass  many  of  the  ancients,  in  the  fineness  of 
their  colours;  and  even  to  equal  the  famous  Tyrian 
purple;  and  by  means  of  it  scarlet,  the  brightest 
of  all  colours  is  produced.  It  is  the  white  oxide 
of  tin,  alone,  which  is  the  real  mordant. 

Tin  is  used  as  a  mordant  in  three  states;  dis¬ 
solved  in  nitre-muriatic  acid,  in  acetous  acid,  and 
in  a  mixture  of  sulphuric  and  muriatic  acids:  but 
nitro-mwiate  of  tin  is  the  common  mordant  used  by 
dyer's.  They  prepare  it,  by  dissolving  tin  in  diluted 
nitric  acid,  to  which  a  certain  proportion  of  com¬ 
mon  salt,  or  sal  ammoniac  is  added. 

When  the  nitro  muriate  of  tin  is  to  be  used  as  a 
mordant,  it  is  dissolved  in  a  large  quantity  of  water, 
and  the  cloth  is  dipped  in  the  solution,  and  allowed 
to  remain  till  sufficiently  saturated.  It  is  then  tak¬ 
en  out,  washed  and  dried.  Tartar  is  usually  dis¬ 
solved  in  the  water  along  with  the  nitro  muriate. 

Red  oxide  of  iron. 

This  is  also  used  as  a  mordant  in  dyeing;  it  has 
a  very  strong  affinity  for  all  kinds  of  cloth,  of 
which  the  permanency  of  red  iron-spots,  or  iron- 
moulds  on  linen  and  cotton  is  a  sufficient  proof. 
As  a  mordant  it  is  used  in  two  states:  in  that  of 
sulphate  of  iron,  or  copperas,  and  that  of  acetite 
of  iron.  The  first,  or  cope^as,  is  commonly  used 
for  wool.  The  copperas  is  dissolved  in  water,  and 
the  cloth  dipped  into  it.  It  may  be  used  also  for 
cottony  but  in  most  cases  acetite  of  iron  is  prefer- 
5* 


54 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


red,  which  is  prepared  by  dissolving  iron,  or  its 
oxide,  in  vinegar,  sour  beer,  or  pyroligneous  acid, 
and  the  longer  it  is  kept  the  better. 

Tan,  fyc. 

Tan  is  very  frequently  employed  as  a  mordant. 
An  infusion  of  nut-galls,  or  of  sumach,  or  of  any 
other  substance  containing  tan,  is  made  in  water, 
and  the  cloth  is  dipped  in  this  infusion,  and  allowed 
to  remain  till  it  has  absorbed  a  sufficient  quantity. 
Tan  is  often  employed  also,  along  with  other  mor¬ 
dants,  to  produce  a  compound  mardant.  Oil  is  al¬ 
so  used  for  the  same  purpose,  in  dying  cotton  and 
linen.  The  mordants  with  which  tan  is  most  fre¬ 
quently  combined,  are  alumine,  and  oxide  of  iron. 

Besides  these  mordants,  there  are  several  other 
substances  frequently  used  as  auxiliaries,  either  to 
facilitate  the  combination  of  the  mordant  with  the 
cloth  or  to  alter  the  shade  of  colour;  the  chief  of 
these  are,  tartar,  acetate  of  lead,  common  salt,  sal 
ammoniac,  sulphate  of  copper,  &.c. 

Mordants  not  only  render  the  dye  permanent, 
but  have  also  considerable  influence  on  the  colour 
produced.  The  same  colouring  matter  produces 
very  different  dyes,  according  as  the  mordant  is 
changed.  Suppose,  for  instance,  that  the  colour¬ 
ing  matter  is  cochineal;  if  we  use  the  alumincus 
mordant,  the  cloth  will  acquire  a  crimsoh  colour; 
but  the  oxide  of  iron  produces  with  it,  a  black. 

In  dyeing,  then,  it  is  not  only  necessary  to  pro¬ 
cure  a  mordant  which  has  a  sufficiently  strong  af¬ 
finity  for  the  colouring  matter  and  cloth,  and  a 
colouring  matter  which  possesses  the  wished-for 
colour  in  perfection;  but  we  must  procure  a  mor¬ 
dant  and  a  colouring  matter  of  such  a  nature,  that 


GENUINE  ,EIPTS.  55 

when  combined  together,  they  shall  possess  the 
wished-for  colour  in  perfection;  and  even  a  great 
variety  of  colours  may  be  produced  with  a  single 
dye-stuff,  provided  we  change  the  mordant  suffi¬ 
ciently. 

To  determine  the  effects  of  various  salts  or  mordants 
on  colours. 

The  dye  of  madder. 

For  a  madder  red  on  woollens,  the  best  quantity 
of  madder  is  one  half  of  the  weight  of  the  wool¬ 
lens  that  are  to  be  dyed;  the  best  proportion  of 
of  salts  to  be  used  is  five  parts  of  alum  and  one 
of  red  tartar  for  sixteen  parts  of  the  stuff. 

A  variation  in  the  proportion  of  the  salts,  wholly 
alters  the  colour  that  the  madder  naturally  gives. 
If  the  alum  is  lessened,  and  the  tartar  increased, 
the  dye  proves  a  red  cinnamon.  If  the  alum  be 
entirely  omitted,  the  red  wholly  disappears,  and  a 
durable  tawny  cinnamon  is  produced. 

If  woollens  are  boiled  in  weak  pearlash  and  wa¬ 
ter,  the  greater  part  of  the  colour  is  destroyed 
A  solution  of  soap  discharges  part  of  the  colour, 
and  leaves  the  remaining  more  beautiful. 

Volatile  alkalies  heighten  the  red  colour  of  the 
madder,  but  they  make  the  dye  fugitive. 

The  dye  of  logwood. 

Volatile  alknlies  salts  or  acids  incline  this  to 
purple;  the  vegetable  and  nitrous  acids  render  it 
pale;  the  vitriolic  and  marine  acids  deepen  it. 

Lime  water. 

In  dyeing  browns  or  blacks,  especially  browns, 
lime  water  is  found  to  be  a  good  corrective,  as  also 


56  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

an  alterative,  when  the  goods  are  not  come  to  the 
shade  required;  but  practice  alone  can  shew  its 
utility;  it  answers  for  either  woollens,  silks,  or  cot¬ 
tons. 


To  render  colours  holding. 

Browns  and  blues,  or  shades  from  them,  require 
no  preparation;  but  reds  and  yellows,  either  of 
silk,  cotton,  or  woollen,  require  a  preparation  to 
make  them  receive  the  dye,  and  hold  it  fast  when 
it  hds  received  it.  Alum  and  tartar,  boiled  togeth¬ 
er,  when  cold,  form  a  mastic,  within  the  pores  of 
the  substance,  that  serves  to  retain  the  dye,  and 
reflect  the  colour  in  a  manner  transparently. 

Almost  all  browns  are  deemed  fast  and  holding 
colours,  without  any.  preparation:  the  dyeing  ma¬ 
terials  containing  in  themselves  a  sufficient  degree 
of  astringent  quality  to  retain  their  own  colours. 
Many  reds  are  also  equally  holding,  but  none  more 
so  than  those  made  with  madder  on  woollens  pre¬ 
pared  with  alu  si  and  tarter.  A  very  fast  red  is 
also  made  with  Brazil  wood,  by  boiling  the  woollen 
in  alum  and  tartar,  and  suffering  the  cloth  to  re¬ 
main  several  days  in  a  bag  kept  moist  by  the  pre¬ 
paration  liquor.  The  cause  of  the  solidity  of  the 
colour  from  Brazil  wood  dyed  alter  this  method, 
arises  from  the  alum  and  tartar  masticating  itself 
.  within  the  pores  of  the  wool  in  quite  a  solid  state. 
*  There  is  not  a  drug  used  in  the  whole  art  of  dye¬ 
ing,  but  may  be  made  a  permanent  dye,  by  finding 
out  a  salt,  or  solution  of  some  metal,  that,  when 
once  dissolved  by  acids,  or  by  boiling  water,  will 
neither  be  affected  by  the  air,  nor  be  dissolved  by 
moisture.  Such  are  alum  and  tartar,  the  solution 
of  tin,  &c.  But  these  salts  and  solutions  do  not 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  5? 

answer  with  all  ingredients  that  are  used  in  dyeing. 

To  purchase  dyeing  materials . 

The  names  of  the  principal  dyeing  materials  are 
alum,  argol,  or  tartar,  green  copperas,  verdigris, 
blue  vitriol,  roche  alum,  American  or  quercitron, 
and  oak  bark,  fenugreek,  logwood,  old  and  young 
fustic,  Brazil  wood,  braziletto,  camwood,  barwood, 
and  other  red  woods,  peach  wood,  sumach,  gall, 
weld,  madder  of  3  or  4  sorts,  safflower,  savory, 
green  wood,  annatto,  tumeric,  archil,  cudbear,  co¬ 
chineal,  lac  cake,  lac  dye,  and  indigo.  The  whole 
may  be  purchased  of  druggists  and  colourmen. 

To  dye  ivool  and  woollen  cloths  of  a  blue  colour . 

Dissolve  one  part  of  indigo  in  four  parts  of  con¬ 
centrated  sulphuric  acid;  to  the  solution,  add  one 
part  of  dry  carbonate  of  potass,  and  then  dilute  it 
with  eight  times  its  weight  of  water.  The  cloth 
must  be  boiled  for  an  hour  in  a  solution,  containing 
5  parts  of  alum,  and  3  of  tartar,  for  every  32  parts 
of  cloth.  It  is  then  to  he  thrown  into  a  water-bath 
previously  prepared,  containing  a  greater  or  small¬ 
er  proportion  of  diluted  sulphate  of  indigo,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  shade  which  the  cloth  is  intended  to  re¬ 
ceive.  In  this  bath  it  must  be  boiled  till  it  has  ac¬ 
quired  the  wished  for  colour. 

The'only  colouring  matters  employed  in  dyeing 
blue,  are  woad  and  indigo. 

Indigo  has. a  very  strong  affiinity  for  wool,  silk, 
cotton,  and  linen.  Every  kind  of  cloth,  there¬ 
fore,  may  be  dyed  with  it,  without  the  assistance 
of  any  mordant  whatever.  The  colour  thus  indu¬ 
ced  is  very  permanent.  But  indigo  can  only  be 
applied  to  cloth  in  a  state  of  solution,  and  the  only 


58 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


solvent  known  is  sulphuric  acid.  The  sulphate  of 
indigo  is  often  used  to  dye  wool  and  silk  blue,  and 
is  known  by  the  name  of  Saxon  blue. 

It  is  not  the  only  solution  of  that  pigment  em¬ 
ployed  in  dyeing.  By  far  the  most  common  meth¬ 
od  is,  to  deprive  indigo  of  its  blue  colour,  and  re¬ 
duce  it  to  green,  and  then  to  dissolve  it  in  water 
by  means  of  alkalies.  Two  different  methods  are 
employed  for  this  purpose.  The  first  is,  to  mix 
with  indigo  a  solution  of  green  oxide  of  iron,  and 
different  metalic  sulphurates.  If,  therefore,  indi¬ 
go,  lime,  and  green  sulphate  of  iron,  are  mixed  to¬ 
gether  in  water,  the  indigo  gradually  loses  its  blue 
colour,  becomes  green,  and  is  dissolved.  The 
second  method  is,  to  mix  the  indigo  in  water,  with 
certain  vegetable  substances  wich  readily  undergo 
fermentation;  the  indigo  is  dissolved  by  means  of 
quick  lime  or  alkali,  which  is  added  to  the  solution. 

The  first  of  these  methods  is  usually  followed 
in  dyeing  cotton  and  linen ;  th e  second,  in  dyeing 
wool  and  silk. 

In  the  dyeing  of  wool,  woad  and  bran  are  com¬ 
monly  employed  as  vegetable  ferments,  and  lime 
as  the  solvent  of  the  green  base  of  the  indigo. 
Woad  itself  contains  a  colouring  matter  precisely 
similar  to  indigo;  and  by  following  the  common 
process,  indigo  may  be  extracted  from  it.  In  the 
usual  state  of  woad,  when  purchased  by  the 'dyer, 
the  indigo,  which  it  contains,  is  probably  not  far 
from  the  state  of  green  pollen.  Its  quantity  in 
woad  is  but  small,  and  it  is  mixed  with  a  great 
proportion  of  other  vegetable  matter. 

\  When  the  cloth  is  first  taken  out  of  the  vat,  it  is 
\a  green  colour;  but  it  soon  becomes  blue.  It 
\t  to  be  carefully  washed,  carry  off  the  un- 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


59 


combined  particles.  This  solution  of  indigo  is  li¬ 
able  to  two  inconveniences:  first,  it  is  apt  some¬ 
times  to  run  too  fast  into  the  putrid  fermentation; 
this  may  be  known  by  the  putrid  vapours  which  it 
exhales,  and  by  the  disappearing  of  the  green  col¬ 
our.  In  this  state  it  would  soon  destroy  the  indigo 
altogether.  The  inconvenience  is  remedied  by 
adding  more  lime,  which  has  the  property  of  mod¬ 
erating  the  putrescent  tendency.  Secondly,  some¬ 
times  the  fermentation  goes  on  too  languidly. 
This  defect  is  remedied  by  adding  more  bran,  or 
woad,  in  order  to  diminish  the  proportion  of  thick 
lime. 


To  make  chemic  blue  and  green. 

Chemic  for  light  blues  and  greens,  on  silk,  cot¬ 
ton,  or  woollen,  and  for  cleaning  and  whitening 
cottons,  is  made  by  the  following  process: — 

Take  1  lb.  of  the  best  oil  of  vitriol,  which  pour 
upon  1  ounce  of  the  best  Spanish  flora  indigo,  well 
pounded  and  sifted:  add  to  this,  after  it  has  been 
well  stirred,  a  small  lump  of  common  pearlash  as 
big  as  a  pea,  or  from  that  to  the  size  of  2  peas, 
this  will  immediately  raise  a  great  fermentation, 
and  cause  the  indigo  to  dissolve  in  minuter  and 
finer  particles  than  otherwise.  As  soon  as  this 
fermentation  ceases,  put  it  into  a  bottle  tightly 
corked,  and  it  may  be  used  the  next  day.  Ob¬ 
serve,  if  more  than  the  quantity  prescribed  of 
pearlash  should  be  used,  it  will  deaden  and  sully 
the  colour. 

Chemic  for  green,  as  above  for  blue,  is  made 
by  only  adding  one-fourth  more  of  the  oil  of  vitriol. 

If  the  chemic  is  to  be  used  for  woollen,  East  In¬ 
dia  indigo  will  answer  the  purpose  even  better  than 


60 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


Spanish  indigo,  and  at  one  quarter  of  the  price; 
but  the  oil  of  vitriol  is  good  for  both, 

To  make  a  solution  of  tin  in  aqua  regia. 

Mix  together  8  ounces  of  filtered  river  water, 
and  8  ounces  of  double  aqua  fortis;  add  gradually 
half  an  ounce  of  salammoniac  dissolved  piece  by 
piece,  and  2  drachms  of  salt  petre.  Then  take  1 
ounce  of  refined  block  tin:  put  it  into  an  iron  pan, 
and  set  it  over  the  fire;  when  meked,  hold  it  4  or  5 
feet  over  the  vessel,  and  drop  it  into  water,  so  as 
to  let  it  fall  in  pieces. 

Next  put  a  small  piece  of  this  granulated  tin  into 
the  above  aqua-regia,  and  when  the  last  piece  dis¬ 
appears,  add  more  gradually  till  the  whole  is  mixed; 
mind  and  keep  it  firmly  corked.  When  finished 
it  will  produce  a  most  excellent  yellow,  though 
should  it  fail  in  that  respect.,  it  will  not  be  the 
worse  for  use;  keep  it  cool,  as  heat  will  injure  and 
even  spoil  it. 

To  make  muriate  of  tin 

Take  8  ounces  of  muriatic  acid,  and  dissolve  in 
it,  by  slow  degrees  half  an  ounce  of  granulated 
tin;  when  this  is  done  pour  off  the  clear  liquid  in¬ 
to  a  bottle  and  weaken  it,  if  required,  with  pure  fil¬ 
tered  river  water.. 

To  determine  the  effect  of  various  waters  on  different 
colours. 

Snow  water  contains  a  little  muriate  of  lime, 
and  some  slight  traces  of  nitrate  of  lime;  rain 
water  has  the  same  salts  in  a  larger  quantity,  and 
also  carbonic  acid;  spring  water  most  frequently 
contains  carbonate  of  lime,  muriate  of  lime,  muri- 


GENUINE  .RECEIPTS. 


6! 


ate  of  soda,  or  carbonate  of  soda.  River  water 
has  the  same  substances,  but  in  less  abundance. 
Well  water  contains  sulphate  of  lime  or  nitrate  of 
pot-ash  besides  the  above-named  salts.  Should  the 
water  contain  a  salt,  or  a  mineral  acid,  in  the  first 
instance,  an  acid  will  be  requisite  to  neutralize  it, 
and  in  the  second,  an  alkali.  Thus  waters  of  any 
quality  may  be  saturated  by  their  opposites,  and 
rendered  neutral. 


To  discharge  colours. 

The  dyers  generally  put  all  coloured  silks  which 
are  to  be  discharged,  into  a  copper  in  which  half 
a  pound  or  a  pound  of  white  soap  has  been  dissol¬ 
ved.  They  are  then  boiled  off,  and  when  the  cop¬ 
per  begins  to  be  too  full  of  colour,  the  silks  are 
taken  out  and  rinsed  in  warm  water.  In  the  in¬ 
terim  a  fresh  solution  of  soap  is  to  be  added  to  the 
copper,  and  then  proceed  as  before  till  all  the 
colour  is  discharged.  For  those  colours  that  arc 
wanted  to  be  effectually  discharged,  such  as  greys, 
cinnamons,  &c.  when  soap  will  not  do,  tartar  must 
be  used.  For  slate  colours,  greenish  drabs,  olive 
‘drabs,  &c.  oil  of  vitriol  in  warm  water  must  be 
(used;  if  other  colours,  roche  alum  must  be  boiled 
in  the  copper,  then  cooled  down  and  the  silks  en¬ 
tered  and  boiled  off,  recollecting  to  rinse  them  be¬ 
fore  they  are  again  dyed.  A  small  quantity  of 
muriatic  acid,  diluted  in  warm  water,  must  be  used 
to  discharge  some  fast  colours;  the  goods  must  be 
afterwards  well  rinsed  in  warm  and  cold  water  to 
prevent  any  injury  to  the  stalk. 

To  discharge  cinnamons  ,greys,  Sfc.when  dyed  too  full. 

Take  some  tartar,  pounded  in  a  mortar,  sift  it 


62 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


into  a  bucket,  then  pour  over  it  some  boiling  wa¬ 
ter.  The  silks,  &c.  may  then  be  run  through  the 
clearest  of  this  liquor,  which  will  discharge  the 
colour;  but  if  the  dye  does  not  take  on  agaii. 
evenly,  more  tartar  may  be  added,  and  the  goods 
run  through  as  before. 

*  To  re-dye  or  change  the  colours  of  garments ,  fyc. 

A  The  change  of  colour  depends  upon  the  ingre¬ 
dients  with  which  the  garments  have  been  dyed. 
Sometimes  when  these  have  been  well  cleaned, 
more  dying  stuff  must  be  added,  which  will  afford 
the  colour  intended;  and  sometimes  the  colour  al- 
i ready  on  the  cloth  must  be  discharged  and  the  ar¬ 
ticles  re-dyed. 

Every  colour  in  nature  will  dye  black,  whether 
blue,  yellow,  red  or  brown,  and  black  will  always 
dye  black  again.  All  colours  will  take  the  same 
colour  again  which  they  already  possess;  and  blues 
can  be  made  green  or  black:  green  may  be  brown, 
and  brown  green,  and  every  colour  on  re-dyeing 
will  take  a  darker  tint  than  that  at  first. 

Yellows,  browns,  and  blues,  are  not  easily  dis¬ 
charged;  maroons,  reds,  of  some  kinds,  olives,  &.c. 
may  be  discharged. 

For  maroons,  a  small  quantity  of  roche  alum 
may  be  boiled  in  a  copper,  and  when  it  is  dissolv¬ 
ed,  put  in  the  goods,  keep  them  boiling,  and  prob¬ 
ably,  in  a  few  minutes,  enough  of  it  will  be  dis¬ 
charged  to  take  the  colour  intended. 

Olives,  greys,  &c.  are  discharged  by  putting  in 
two  or  three  table  spoonfuls,  more  or  less,  of  oil  of 
vitriol:  then  put  in  the  garment,  &c.  and  boil,  and 
it  will  become  white.  If  chemic  green,  either 
alum,  pearl-ash,  or  soap,  will  discharge  it  off  to 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


63 


the  yellow;  this  yellow  may  mostly  be  boiled  off 
with  soap,  if  it  has  received  a  preparation  for  tak¬ 
ing  the  chemic  blue.  Muriatic  acid  used  at  a  hand 
heat  will  discharge  most  colours.  A  black  may  be 
dyed  a  maroon,  claret,  green  or  a  dark  brown;  and 
it  often  happens  that  black  is  dyed  claret,  green, 
or  dark  brown;  but  green  is  the  principal  colour 
into  which  black  is  changed. 

To  alum  silks. 

Silk  should  be  alumed  cold,  for  when  it  is  alum- 
ed  hot,  it  is  deprived  of  a  great  part  of  its  lustre. 
The  alum  liquor  should  always  be  strong  for  silks, 
as  they  take  the  dye  more  readily  afterwards. 


To  dye  silk  blue. 

Silk  is  dyed  blue  by  a  ferment  of  six  parts  of 
bran,  six  of  indigo,  six  of  potass,  and  one  of  mad¬ 
der.  To  dye  it  of  a  dark  blue,  it  must  previously 
receive  what  is  called  a  ground-colour ;  a  red  dye¬ 
stuff,  called  archil,  is  used  for  this  purpose. 

To  dye  cotton  and  linen  blue. 

Cotton  and  linen  are  dyed  blue  by  a  solution  of 
one  part  of  indigo,  one  part  of  green  sulphate  of 
iron,  and  two  parts  of  quick-lime 

•  Yellow  dyes. 

The  principal  colouring  matters  for  dyeing  yel¬ 
low,  are  weld,  fustic,  and  quercitron  bark.  Yel¬ 
low  colouring  matters  have  too  weak  an  affinity 
for  cloth,  to  produce  permanent  colours  without 
the  use  of  mordants.  Cloth,  therefore,  before  it 
is  dyed  yellow,  is  always  prepared  by  soaking  it  in 
alumine.  Oxide  of  tin  is  sometimes  used  when 


64 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


very  fine  yellows  are  wanting.  Tan  is  often  em¬ 
ployed  as  subsidiary  to  alurnine,  and  in  order  to 
fix  it  more  copiously  on  cotton  and  linen.  Tartar 
is  also  used  as  an  auxiliary,  to  brighten  the  colour; 
and  muriate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  even 
the  sulphate  of  iron,  to  render  the  shade  deeper. 
The  yellow  dye  by  means  of  fustic  is  more  perma¬ 
nent,  but  not  so  beautiful  as  that  given  by  weld,  or 
quercitron.  As  it  is  permanent,  and  not  much  in¬ 
jured  by  acids,  it  is  often  used  in  dyeing  compound 
colours,  where  a  yellow  is  required.  The  mordant 
is  alurnine.  When  the  mordant  is  oxide  of  iron, 
fustic  dyes  a  good  permanent  drab  colour.  Weld, 
and  quercitron  bark  yield  nearly  the  same  kind  of 
colour;  but  the  bark  yields  colouring  matter  in 
greater  abundance  and  is  cheaper  than  weld.  The 
method  of  using  each  of  these  dye-stuffs  is  nearly 
the  same. 


To  dye  woollens  yellow. 

Wool  may  be  dyed  yellow  by  the  fg*llowing  pro¬ 
cess;  let  it  be  boiled  for  an  hour  or  more,  with 
above  one-sixth  of  its  weight  of  alum,  dissolved 
in  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  as  a  mordant.  It 
is  then  to  be  plunged,  without  being  rinsed,  into  a 
bath  of  warm  water,  containing  as  much  quercit¬ 
ron  bark  as  equals  the  weight  of  the  alum  em¬ 
ployed  as  a  mordant.  The  cloth  is  to  be  turned 
through  the  boiling  liquid,  till  it  has  acquired  the 
intended  colour.  Then,  a  quantity  of  clean  pow¬ 
dered  chalk,  equal  to  the  hundredth  part  of  the 
weight  of  the  cloth,  is  to  be  stirred  in,  and  the  op¬ 
eration  of  dyeing  continued  for  eight  or  ten  min¬ 
utes  longer.  By  this  method  a  pretty  deep  and 
lively  yellow  may  be  given. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


65 


To  dye  silks  yellow. 

Silk  may  be  dyed  of  different  shades  of  yellow, 
either  by  weld  or  quercitron  bark,  but  the  last  is 
the  cheapest  of  the  two.  The  proportion  should 
be  from  one  to  two  parts  of  bark,  to  12  parts  of 
silk,  according  to  the  shade.  The  bark,  tied  up 
in  a  bag,  should  be  put  into  the  dyeing  vessel, 
whilst  the  water  which  it  contains  is  cold;  and 
when  it  has  acquired  the  heat  of  about  100  degrees, 
the  silk,  having  been  previously  alumed,  should  be 
dipped  in,  and  continued,  till  it  assumes  the  wish- 
ed-for  colour.  When  the  shade  is  required  to  be 
deep,  a  little  chalk,  or  pearl-ash  should  be  added 
towards  the  end  of  the  operation. 

To  dye  linens  and  cottons  yellow. 

The  mordant  should  be  acetate  of  alumine,  pre¬ 
pared  by  dissolving  one  part  of  acetate  of  lead, 
and  three  parts  of  alum,  in  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
water.  This  solution  should  be  heated  to  the 
temperature  of  100  degrees:  the  cloth  should  be 
soaked  in  it  for  two  hours,  then  wrung  out  and 
dried.  The  soaking  may  be  repeated,  and  the 
cloth  again  dried  as  before.  It  is  then  to  be  bare¬ 
ly  wetted  with  lime-water,  and  afterwards  dried. 
The  soaking  in  the  acetate  of  alumine  may  be 
again  repeated;  and  if  the  shade  of  yellow  is  re¬ 
quired  to  be  very  bright  and  durable,  the  alter¬ 
nate  wetting  with  lime-water  and  soaking  in  the 
mordant  may  be  repeated  three  or  four  times. 

The  dyeing-bath  is  prepared  by  putting  12  or  18 
parts  of  quercitron  bark  (according  to  the  depth 
of  the  shade  required,)  tied  up  in  a  bag,  into  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  cold  water.  Into  this  bath 
the  cloth  is  to  be  put,  and  turned  in  it  for  an  hour, 
6* 


66 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


while  its  temperature  is  gradually  raised  to  about 
120  degrees.  It  is  then  to  he  brought  to  a  boiling 
heat,  and  the  cloth  allowed  to  remain  in  it  only  for 
a  few  minutes.  If  it  is  kept  long  at  a  boiling  heat, 
the  yellow  acquires  a  shade  of  brown 


To  fix  a  fine  mineral  yelloiv  upon  wool ,  silk,  cotton , 
hemp ,  fyc. 

Mix  one  pound  of  sulphur,  two  pounds  of  white 
oxide  of  arsenic,  «und  five  parts  of  pearl-ash;  and 
melt  the  whole  in  a  crucible,  at  a  heat  a  little  short 
of  redness.  The  result  is  a  yellow  mass,  which  is 
to  he  dissolved  in  hot  water;  and  the  liquor  filtra¬ 
ted,  to  separate  it  from  a  sediment  formed  chiefly 
of  metallic  arsenic,  in  shining  plates,  and  in  a  small 
part,  of  a  chocolate-colored  matter,  which  appears 
to  be  a  suh-sulphuret  of  arsenic.  Dilute  the  filter¬ 
ed  liquor,  then  add  weak  sulphuric  acid,  which  pro¬ 
duces  a  floeeulent  precipitate,  of  a  most  brilliant 
yellow  colour.  This  precipitate,  washed  upon  a 
cloth  filter,  dissolves  with  the  utmost  ease  in  liquid 
ammonia,  giving  a  yellow  solution,  which  colour  is 
to  be  removed  by  an  excess  of  the  same  alkali. 

To  prepare  realgar. 

The  most  brilliant  and  permanent  yellow  that 
can  he  imagined,  is  the  sulphuret  of  arsenic,  or  re¬ 
algar,  into  which  more  or  less  diluted,  according  to 
the  depth  of  tint  required,  the  wool,  silk,  cotton,  oi¬ 
lmen,  is  to  be  dipped.  All  metalic  utensils  must 
be  carefully  avoided.  „  When  the  stuffs  come  out 
of  this  bath  they  are  colorless,  but  they  insensibly 
take  on  a  yellow  hue  as  the  ammonia  evaporates, 
they  are  to  be  exposed  as  equally  as  possible  to  a 
current  ot  open  air;  and  when  the  color  is  well 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  6? 

come  out,  and  no  longer  heightens,  they  are  to  be 
washed  and  dried. 

Wood  should  be  fulled  in  the  ammoniacal  solu¬ 
tion,  and  should  remain  in  it  till  it  is  thoroughly 
soaked;  then,  very  slightly  and  uniformly  pressed, 
or  else  merely  set  to  drain  of  itself.  Silk,  cotton, 
hemp,  and  flax,  are  only  to  be  dipped  in  the  dyeing 
liquid,  which  they  easily  take.  They  must  then 
be  well  pressed. 

The  sulphuret  of  arsenic  will  give  every  imagin¬ 
able  tint  to  stuffs,  from  the  deep  golden  yellow  to 
the  lightest  straw-colour,  which  has  the  invariable 
advantage  of  never  fading,  of  lasting  even  longer 
than  the  stuffs  themselves,  and  of  resisting  all  re¬ 
agents,  except  alkalies.  Hence  it  is  peculiarly 
fitted  for  costly  tapestry,  velvets,  and  other  articles 
of  furniture  which  are  not  in  danger  of  being 
washed,  with  alkalies  or  soap,  and  to  which  the 
durability  of  coloui  is  a  most  important  object.  It 
may  also  be  used  with  advantage  in  paper-staining. 

Red  dyes . 

The  colouring  matters  employed  for  dyeing  red, 
are  archil,  madder,  carthamus,  kermes,  cochineal, 
and  Brazil-wood. 


To  dye  woollens  red ,  crimson ,  and  scarlet. 

Coarse  woollen  stuffs  are  dyed  red  with  madder 
or  archil:  but  fine  cloth  is  almost  exclusively  dyed 
with  cochineal,  though  the  colour  which  it  receives 
from  kermes,  is  much  more  durable.  Brazil-wood 
is  scarcely  used,  except  as  an  auxiliary,  because 
the  colour  which  is  imparts  to  wool,  is  not  perma¬ 
nent. 

Wool  is  dyed  crimson,  by  first  impregnating  it 


68 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


with  alumine,  by  means  of  an  alum  bath,  and  then 
boiling  it  in  a  decoction  of  cochineal,  till  it  has 
aoquired  the  wished-colour.  The  crimson  will  he 
finer,  if  the  tin-mordant  is  substituted  for  alum; 
indeed,  it  is  usual  with  dyers,  to  add  a  little  nitro- 
muriate  of  tin,  when  they  want  fine  crimsons. 
The  addition  of  archil  and  potass  to  the  cochineal, 
Doth  renders  the  crimson  darker,  and  gives  it  more 
bloom;  hut  the  bloom  very  soon  vanishes.  For 
paler  crimsons,  one-half  of  the  cochineal  is  with¬ 
drawn,  and  madder  substituted  in  its  place. 

Wool  may  he  dyed  scarlet,  by  first  boiling  it  in  a 
solution  of  murio-sulphate  of  tin,  then  dying  it 
pale  yellow  with  quercitron  hark,  and  afterwards 
crimson  with  cochinel;  for  scarlet  is  a  compound 
colour,  consisting  of  crimson  mixed  with  a  little 
yellow. 

To  carry  the  colour  into  the  body  of  the  cloth. 

Make  the  moistened  cloth  pass  through  between 
two  rollers  placed  within  and  at  the  bottom  of  the 
dye-vat;  so  that  the  web,  passing  from  one  wind¬ 
lass  through  the  dye-vat,  and  being  strongly  com¬ 
pressed  by  the  rollers  in  its  passage  to  another 
windlass,  all  the  remaining  water  is  driven  out, 
and  is  re-placed  by  the  colouring  liquid,  so  as  to 
receive  colour  into  its  very  centre.  The  winding 
should  he  continued  backwards  and  forwards  from 
one  windlass  to  the  other,  and  through  the  rolling- 
ing-press,  till  the  dye  is  of  sufficient  intensity. 

To  dye  silks  red ,  crimson ,  fyc. 

Silk  is  usually  dyed  red  with  cochineal,  or  car- 
thamus,  and  sometimes  with  Brazil-wood.  Kermes 
does  not  answer  for  silk;  madder  is  scarcely  ever 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


69 


used  for  that  purpose,  because  it  does  not  yield  a 
colour  bright  enough.  Archil  is  employed  to  give 
silk  a  bloom;  but  it  is  scarcely  ever  used  by  itself, 
unless  when  the  colour  wanted  is  lilac. 

Silk  may  be  dyed  crimson  by  steeping  it  in  a 
solution  of  alum,  and  then  dyeing  in  the  usual  way 
in  a  cochineal  bath. 

The  colours  known  by  the  names  of  poppy,  cher¬ 
ry ,  rose ,  and  jlesli  colour ,  are  given  to  silk  by 
means  of  carthamus.  The  process  consists  mere¬ 
ly  in  keeping  the  silk  as  long  as  it  extracts  any 
colour,  in  an  alkaline  solution  of  carthamus,  into 
which  as  much  lemon-juice,  as  gives  it  a  fine  cher¬ 
ry-red  colour,  has  been  poured. 

Silk  cannot  be  dyed  a  full  scarlet;  but  a  colour 
approaching  to  scarlet  may  be  given  to  it,  by  first 
impregnating  the  stuff  with  murio-sulphate  of  tin, 
and  afterwards  dyeing  it  in  a  bath,  composed  of 
four  /mrts  of  cochineal,  and  four  parts  of  quercit¬ 
ron  bark.  To  give  the  colour  more  body,  both 
the  mordant  and  the  dye  may  be  repeated. 

A  colour,  approaching  to  scarlet  may  be  given 
to  silk,  by  first  dyeing  it  in  crimson,  then  dyeing 
it  with  carthamus;  and  lastly,  yellow,  without  heat. 

To  dye  linens  and  cottons  red ,  scarlet ,  fyc. 

Cotton  and  linen  are  dyed  red  with  madder. 
The  process  was  borrowed  from  the  cast;  hence 
the  colour  is  often  called  Adrianople,  or  Turkey- 
red.  The  cloth  is  first  impregnated  with  oil,  then 
with  galls,  and  lastly  with  alum.  It  is  then  boiled 
for  an  hour  in  the  decoction  of  madder,  which  is 
commonly  mixed  with  a  quantity  of  blood.  *  After 
the  cloth  is  dyed,  it  is  plunged  into  a  soda  ley 
in  order  to  brighten  the  colour.  The  red  giv£n 


70 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


by  this  process,  is  very  permanent;  and  when 
properly  conducted,  it  is  exceedingly  beautiful. 
The  whole  difficulty  consists  in  the  application  of 
the  mordant,  which  is  by  far  the  most  complicated 
3  employed  in  the  whole  art  of  dyeing. 

-  Cotton  may  be  dyed  scarlet,  by  means  of  murio- 
sulphiate  of  tin,  cochineal,  and  quercitron  bark-, 
used  as  for  silk,  but  the  colour  is  too  fading  to  be 
©f  any  value. 

Black  dyes. 

The  substances  employed  to  give  a  black  colour 
to  cloth,  are  red  oxide  of  iron,  and  tan.  These 
two  substances  have  a  strong  affiinity  for  each 
other,  and  when  combi ued,  assume  a  deep  black 
colour,  not  liable  to  be  destroyed  by  the  action  of 
air  or  light. 

Logwood  is  usually  employed  as  an  auxiliary, 
because  it  communicates  lustre,  and  adds  consid¬ 
erably  to  the  fulness  of  the  black.  It  is  th.*>  wood 
of  a  tree  which  is  a  native  of  several  of  the  West- 
India  islands,  and  of  that  part  of  Mexico  which 
surrounds  the  bay  of  Honduras.  It  yields  its  col¬ 
ouring  matter  to  water.  The  decoction  is  at  first 
a  fine  red,  bordering  on  violet:  but  if  left  to  itself, 
it  gradually  assumes  a  black  colour.  Acids  give 
it  a  deep  red  colour;  alkalies,  a  deep  violet,  incli¬ 
ning  to  brown:  sulphate  of  iron  renders  it  as  black 
as  ink,  and  occasions  a  precipitate  of  the  same  color. 

Cloth,  before  it  receives  a  black  colour,  is  usu¬ 
ally  dyed  blue:  this  renders  the  colour  much  fuller 
and  finer  than  it  would  otherwise  be.  If  the  cloth 
is  coarse,  the  blue  dye  may  be  too  expensive;  in 
that  case,  a  brown  colour  is  given,  by  means  of 
walnut-peels. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


71 


To  dye  ivoollens  block. 

Wool  is  dyed  black  by  the  following  process. 
It  is  boiled  for  two  hours  in  a  decoction  of  nut- 
galls,  and  afterwards  kept,  for  two  hours  more,  in 
a  bath,  composed  of  logwood  and  sulphate  of  iron, 
kept,  during  the  whole  time,  at  a  scalding  heat, 
but  not  boiling.  During  the  operation,  it  must  be 
frequently  exposed  to  the  air;  because  the  green 
oxide  of  iron,  of  which  the  sulphate  is  composed 
must  be  converted  into  red  oxide  by  absorbing 
oxygen,  before  the  cloth  can  acquire  a  proper  col¬ 
our.  The  common  proportions,  are  five  parts  of 
galls,  five  of  sulphate  of  iron,  and  thirty  of  log¬ 
wood,  for  every  hundred  of  cloth.  A  little  ace¬ 
tate  of  copper  is  commonly  added  to  the  sulphate 
of  iron,  because  it  is  thought  to  improve  the  colour. 

To  dye  silks  black. 

Silk  is  dyed  nearly  in  the  same  manner.  It  is 
capable  of  combining  with  a  great  deal  of  tan; 
the  quantity  given  is  varied  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
artist,  by  allowing  the  silk  to  remain  a  longer  or 
shorter  in  the  decoction 


To  dye  cottons  and  linens  black. 

The  cloth,  previously  dyed  blue,  is  steeped  for 
24  hours  in  a  decoction  of  nut-galls.  A  bath  is 
prepared  containing  acetate  of  iron,  formed  by  sa¬ 
turating  acetous  acid  with  brown  oxide  of  iron: 
into  this  bath  the  cloth  is  put  in  small  quantities  at 
a  time,  wrought  with  the  hand  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour;  then  wring  out,  and  aired  again;  wrought 
in  a  fresh  quantity  of  the  bath,  and  afterwards  air¬ 
ed.  These  alternate  processes  are  repeated  till 
the  colour  wanted  is  given:  a  decoction  of  alder 


72 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


bark  is  usually  mixed  with  the  liquor  containing 
the  nut-galls. 


To  dye  ivool ,  fyc  brown. 

Brown,  or  fawn  colour,  though  in  fact,  a  com 
pound,  is  usually  ranked  among  the  simple  colours, 
because  it  is  applied  to  cloth  by  a  single  process 
Various  substances  are  used  for  brown  dyes. 

*  Walnut-peels,  or  the  green  covering  of  the  wal¬ 
nut,  when  first  separated,  are  white  internally,  but 
soon  assume  a  brown,  or  even  a  black  colour,  on 
exposure  to  the  air.  They  readily  yield  their  col¬ 
ouring  matter  to  water.  They  are  usually  kept  in 
large  casks,  covered  with  water,  for  above  a  year 
before  they  are  used.  To  dye  wool  brown  with 
them,  nothing  more  is  necessary,  than  to  sk  ep  the 
;  cloth  in  a  decoction  of  them  till'it  has  acquired  the 
;  wished-for  colour.  The  depth  of  the  shade  is  pro¬ 
portional  to  the  strength  of  the  decoction. 

The  root  of  the  walnut-tree  contains  the  same 
colouring  matter,  but  in  smaller,  quantity.  The 
,  bark  of  the  birch  also,  and  many  other  trees,  may 
be  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

To  dye  compound  colours . 

Compound  colours  are  produced  by  mixing  to¬ 
gether  two  simple  ones;  or  which  is  the  same  thing 
by  dyeing  cloth  first  of  the  simple  colour,  and  then 
by  another.  These  colours  vary  to  infinity,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  proportions  of  the  ingredients  employed. 
From  blue,  red,  and  yellow,  red  olives  and  green¬ 
ish  greys  are  made. 

From  blue,  red,  and  brown,  olives  are  made  from 
the  lightest  to  the  darkest  shades;  and  by  giving 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  73 

a  greater  shade  of  red,  the  slated  and  lavender 
greys  are  made. 

From  blue,  red,  and  black,  greys  of  all  shades 
are  made,  such  as  sage,  pigeon,  slate,  and  lead 
greys.  The  king’s  or  prince’s  colour  is  duller 
than  usual;  this  mixture  produces  a  variety  of  hues 
or  colours  almost  to  infinity. 

From  yellow,  blue,  and  brown,  are  made  the 
goose  dung  and  olives  of  all  kinds. 

From  brown,  blue,  and  black,  are  produced 
brown  olives,  and  their  shades. 

From  the  red,  yellow,  and  brown,  are  derived 
the  orange,  gold  colour,  feuillemort,  or  faded  leaf, 
dead  carnations,  cinnamon,  fawn,  and  tobacco,  by 
using  two  or  three  of  the  colours  as  required. 

From  yellow,  red,  and  black,  browns  of  every 
shade  are  made. 

From  blue  and  yellow,  greens  of  all  shades. 

From  red  and  blue,  purples  of  all  kinds  are 
formed 


To  dye  different  shades  of  green. 

Green  is  distinguished  by  dyers  into  a  variety 
of  shades,  according  to  the  depth,  or  the  preva¬ 
lence  of  either  of  the  component  parts.  Thus, 
we  have  sea-green,  grass-green,  pea-green,  &c. 

Wool,  silk,  and  linen,  are  usually  dyed  green, 
by  giving  them  first  a  blue  colour,  and  afterwards 
dying  them  yellow,  when  the  yellow  is  first  given, 
several  inconveniences  follow:  the  yellow  partly 
separates  again  in  the  blue  vat,  and  communicates 
a  green  colour  to  it;  thus  rendering  it  useless  for 
every  other  purpose,  except  dyeing  green.  Any 
of  the  usual  processes  for  dyeing  blue  and  yellow, 
may  be  followed,  taking  care  to  proportion  the 
7 


74 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


aepth  of  the  shades  to  that  of  the  green  required. 

When  sulphate  of  indigo  is  employed,  it  is 
usual  to  mix  all  the  ingredients  together,  and  to 
dye  the  cloth  at  once;  this  produces  what  is  known 
by  the  name  of  Saxon,  or  English  green. 

To  dye  violet ,  purple ,  and  lilac. 

Wool  is  generally  first  dyed  blue,  and  after¬ 
wards  scarlet,  in  the  usual  manner.  By  means  of 
cochineal  mixed  with  sulphate  of  indigo,  the  pro¬ 
cess  may  be  performed  at  once.  Silk  is  first  dyed 
crimson,  by  means  of  cochineal,  and  then  dipped 
into  the  indigo  vat.  Cotton  and  linen  are  first 
dyed  blue,  and  then  dipped  in  a  decoction  of  log¬ 
wood;  but  a  more  permanent  colour  is  given  by 
means  of  oxide  of  iron. 


To  dye  olive ,  orange ,  and  cinnamon. 

When  blue  is  combined  with  red  and  yellow  on 
cloth,  the  resulting  colour  is  olive.  Wool  may  be 
dyed  orange,  by  first  dyeing  it  scarlet,  and  then 
yellow.  When  it  is  dyed  first  with  madder,  the 
result  is  a  cinnamon  colour. 

Silk  is  dyed  orange  by  means  if  carthamus:  a 
cinnamon  colour  by  logwood,  Brazil-wood,  and 
fustic  mixed  together. 

Cotton  and  linen  receive  a  cinnamon  colour 
by  means  of  weld  and  madder;  and  an  olive-col¬ 
our  by  being  passed  through  a  blue,  yellow,  and 
then  a  madder  bath. 


To  dye  grey,  drab ,  and  dark  brown. 

If  cloth  is  previously  combined  with  brown  ox- 
’<Je  of  iron,  and  afterwards  dyed  yellow  with  quer¬ 
citron  bark,  the  result  will  be  a  drab  of  different 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


75 


shades,  according  to  the  proportion  of  mordant 
employed.  When  the  proportion  is  small,  the  col¬ 
our  inclines  to  olive,  or  yellow;  on  the  contrary, 
the  drab  may  be  deepened,  or  saddened,  as  the 
dyers  term  it,  by  mixing  a  little  sumach  with  the 
bark. 

To  dye  a  black  upon  cotton ,  linen ,  and  mixed  goods. 

Take  tar,  iron  liquor  of  the  very  best  quality; 
add  to  each  gallon  thereof,  three  quarters  of  a 
pound  of  fine  flour,  and  boil  it  to  the  consistency 
of  a  thin  paste.  Put  the  liquor  or  paste  above- 
mentioned  into  a  tub  belonging  to  a  machine  used 
in  the  process.  The  goods  intended  to  be  dyed 
are  wound  upon  a  roller,  and  passed  through  the 
liquor  or  paste,  betwixt  the  two  rollers;  thereby 
completely  staining  or  dyeing  the  whole  mass  or 
body  of  the  cloth.  Pass  them  into  a  very  hot 
stove  or  drying-house  till  dry,  then  take  cow’s 
dung,  put  it  into  a  large  copper  of  water  about 
scalding  hot,  and  mix  it  well  together,  through 
which  pass  the  piece  of  cloth  until  it  be  thoroughly 
softened.  Wash  the  goods,  so  dunged,  extremely 
well  in  water.  Take  a  quantity  of  madder,  or 
logwood,  or  sumach,  or  all  of  them  mixed  together, 
as  the  strength  of  the  cloth  and  nature  of  the  col¬ 
our  may  require,  and  put  them  into  a  copper,  or 
tub  of  of  hot  water;  then  enter  the  goods  before 
mentioned  in  this  liquor,  and  keep  rinsing  or  mov¬ 
ing  them  therein,  until  they  are  brought  up  to  the 
strength  of  colour  required.  Have  the  goods 
again  well  washed  and  dried.  For  dyeing  black, 
it  will  be  proper  to  pass  the  goods  a  second  time 
through  the  above  operations;  adding  more  or  less 
of  the  dyeing-woods  as  before.  If,  after  the  above 
operations  the  shade  of  colour  is  too  full,  or  too 


76 


GENUINE  RECElFlb. 


much  upon  the  red  hue,  it  will  be  necessary  to  give 
them  a  little  sumach,  and  then  run  them  through 
a  liquor  made  from  iron  and  owler,  or  alder  bark 

Another  met  hod. 

Take  common  iron  liquor,  and  add  three  quar¬ 
ters  of  fine  flour,  and  by  boiling  bring  it  to  the 
consistency  of  a  thin  paste;  or  instead  of  flour, 
add  glue  or  linseed,  or  gum,  or  all  of  them  mixed 
together,  till  it  is  brought  to  a  proper  thickness 
Then  pass  the  goods  through  the  machine,  and 
follow  the  before  mentioned  operations. 

To  dye  olives ,  bottle  greens ,  purples ,  browns ,  cinna¬ 
mons ,  or  snujjs. 

Take  common  iron  liquor,  or  common  iron 
liquor  with  alum  dissolved  therein,  in  quantity  of 
each  according  to  the  shade  of  colour  wanted, 
made  into  a  paste  or  liquid,  by  adding  flour,  gum, 
glue,  linseed,  or  one  or  more  of  them  as  before. 
Then  put  the  liquor  or  paste  above  mentioned  in¬ 
to  a  tub  belonging  to  the  machine,  and  pass  the 
goods  so  intended  to  be  dyed,  through  the  machine. 
Take  them  from  the  machine,  and  hang  them  up 
in  a  very  cool  room,  where  they  are  to  remain  till 
they  are  thoroughly  dry.  Take  cow’s-dung,  put 
it  into  a  large  copper  of  hot  water,  and  mix  it  well 
together;  through  which  pass  the  cloth  or  goods 
until  thoroughly  softened,  the  quantity  of  dung 
and  time  required,  being  proportioned  as  before. 

The  goods  after  this  process  being  well  washed, 
take  a  quantity  of  liquor  made  from  madder,  log¬ 
wood,  sumach,  fustic,  Brazil,  woad,  quercitron 
bark,  peach  wood,  or  other  woods,  to  produce  the 
colour  wanted,  or  more  of  them;  and  if  necessa- 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


77 


ry  dilute  this  liquor  with  water,  according  to  the 
shade  or  fulnesss  of  colour  wanted  to  be  dyed. 
Then  work  the  goods  through  this  liquor,  after 
which  pass  them  through  cold  or  warm  water,  ac¬ 
cording  to  colour,  the  proper  application  of  which 
is  well  known  to  dyers,  adding  a  little  alum,  cop¬ 
peras,  or  Roman  vitriol,  or  two  or  more  of  them 
first  dissolved  in  water.  Then  wash  them  off  in 
warm  water,  and  dry  them.  But  if  the  colour  is 
not  sufficiently  full,  repeat  the  same  operations  till 
it  is  brought  to  the  shade  required. 

To  dye  crimson ,  red ,  orange ,  or  yellow. 

Take  red  liquor,  such  as  is  generally  made  from 
alum,  and  dilute  it  with  water  according  to  the 
strength  or  shade  of  colour  wanted  to  dye,  bring¬ 
ing  it  to  the  consistency  of  a  paste  or  liquid,  as 
before  described.  Then  pass  the  cloth  through 
the  machine;  which  being  dried  in  a  cool  room, 
pass  it  through  the  operations  of  dunging  and 
washing  as  before.  Take  a  quantity  of  liquor, 
made  from  cochineal,  madder,  peach- wood,  Brazil, 
logwood,  woad,  fustic,  sumach,  or  any  two  or  more 
of  them  proportioned  in  strength  to  the  shade  or 
colour  wanted  to  dye,  and  work  the  goods  through 
this  liquor  till  they  are  brought  to  the  shade  of  col¬ 
our  required;  after  which  wash  them  in  cold  or 
warm  water,  and  dry  them. 

To  dye  cotton ,  wool ,  and  silk ,  with  Prussian  blue. 

Immerse  the  cotton  into  a  large  tub  of  water 
slightly  acidulated  and  charged  with  prussiate  of 
potass.  These  sorts  of  stuffs  dyed  in  Prussian 
blue,  and  then  in  olive  transformed  into  green,  are 
particularly  sought  after  in  trade.  By  processes 
7* 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS, 


78 

analagoas  to  those  employed  for  cotton  studs,  the 
invent  ot*  has  obtained  the  same  shades  and  col¬ 
ours,  on  samples  of  silk;  and  for  many  years,  he 
has  even  succeeded  in  fixing  Prussian  blue  on 
wool,  and  in  producing  on  cloth  the  same  shades  as 
on  cotton  and  silk. 


To  precipiiate  acetates  of  lead  and  copper ,  on  ivooly 
silk  and  cotton. 

Soak  the  stuff  which  is  required  to  be  dyed,  in 
a  solution  of  acetate,  or  rather  sub-acetate  of  lead, 
wring  it  when  it  comes  out  of  the  bath,  drying  it  in 
the  shade,  afterwards  wash  it,  and  again  immerse 
it  in  water  charged  with  sulphurated  hydrogen  gas. 
By  this  process  are  obtained,  in  a  few  minutes, 
rich  and  well  laid  shades,  which  vary  from  the  clear 
vigone  colour,  to  the  deep  brown,  according  to  the 
force  of  the  mordant  and  the  number  of  the  im¬ 
mersions  of  the  stuffs  in  the  two  bathing  vessels. 
From  the  order  of  affinities,  it  is  the  wool  which 
takes  colour  the  best,  afterwards  the  silk,  then  the 
cotton,  and  lastly  the  thread,  which  appears  little 
apt  to  combine  with  the  mordant. 

The  different  colours  above  indicated,  resist  the 
air  well,  likewise  feeble  acids,  alkalies,  and  boiling 
soap,  which  modify  their  shades  in  an  impercepti¬ 
ble  manner,  and  these  shades  are  so  striking,  that 
it  will  appear  difficult  to  obtain  them  in  any  other 
manner. 

This  new  kind  of  dye  is  very  economical.  The 
sulphurated  hydrogen  gas  is  obtained  from  a  mix¬ 
ture  of  two  parts  of  iron  filings,  and  one  of  brim¬ 
stone  melted  in  a  pot;  this  brimstone  is  bruised,  in¬ 
troduced  into  a  matfrass;  and  the  gas  is  removed 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  79 

by  sulphuric  acid  extended  in  water  to  a  mild  heat 
The  gas  absorbs  abundantly  in  cold  water. 

To  dye  cotton  cloth  black. 

Take  a  quantity  of  Molucca  nuts,  which,  in 
Bengal,  are  sold  at  2s.  per  cwt.,  and  boil  them  in 
water,  in  close  earthern  vessels,  with  the  leaves  of 
the  tree.  During  the  boiling,  a  whitish  substance, 
formed  from  the  mucilage  and  oil  of  the  nuts,  will 
rise  to  the  surface ;  this  must  be  taken  off  and  pre¬ 
served.  The  cloth  intended  to  be  black,  must  be 
printed  with  this  scum,  and  then  dyed,  after  which 
let  it  be  passed  through  lime  water,  when  the  print¬ 
ed  figures  will  be  changed  to  o.  full  and  permanent 
black 

To  dye  wool  a  permanent  blue  colour. 

Take  four  ounces  of  the  best  indigo,  reduce  it  to 
a  very  fine  powder,  and  add  twelve  pounds  of  wool 
in  the  grease;  put  the  whole  into  a  copper  large 
enough  to  contain  all  the  wool  to  be  dyed.  As 
soon  as  the  requisite  colour  is  obtained,  let  the  wool 
be  well  washed  and  dried.  The  liquor  remaining 
may  be  again  used,  to  produce  lighter  blues.  The 
colour  vvill  be  as  beautiful  and  permanent  as  the 
finest  blue,  produced  by  woad,  and  the  wool,  by 
this  method  will  loose  less  in  weight  than  if  it  had 
been  previously  scoured. 

To  produce  the  Swiss  deep  and  pale  red  tropical 
mordants. 

When  the  cotton  cloth  has  beer-  freed  by  steep¬ 
ing  and  boiling  in  soap  and  water,  from  the  paste 
used  by  the  weaver,  and  any  other  impurities  it 
may  have  acquired,  immerse  it  thoroughly,  or,  as 


80 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


it  is  called,  tramp  or  pad  it  in  a  solution  of  any  al¬ 
kali,  and  oil  of  grease,  forming  an  imperfect  soap, 
or  boil  it  in  any  of  the  perfect  soaps  dissolved  in 
water,  or  in  a  solution  of  soda  and  gallipoli  oil,  in 
the  proportion  of  1  gallon  of  oil  to  20  gallons  of 
soda  lees,  at  the  strength  of  4  degrees  and  a  half ; 
then  dry  the  cloth  in  the  stove,  and  repeat  the  pro¬ 
cess  several  times,  which  may  be  varied  at  pleas¬ 
ure,  according  to  the  lustre  and  durability  of  the 
colour  wanted,  stove-drying  the  cloth  between  ev¬ 
ery  immersion.  To  the  above  solutions  add  a  little 
sheep, s  dung,  for  the  first  three  immersions;  these 
are  called  the  dung  liquors;  after  the  cloth  has  re¬ 
ceived  the  dung  liquors,  it  is  steeped  for  12  hours 
in  a  quantity  of  water,  110  degrees  of  Fahrenheit; 
this  is  called  the  green  steep.  The  cloth  being 
again  stove  dried,  is  immersed  as  above  in  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  alkali  and  oil,  or  grease,  or  boiled  in  per¬ 
fect  soap  dissolved,  but  without  the  sheep’s  dung; 
or  oftener,  according  to  the  brilliancy  of  colours 
wanted,  stove-dying  as  before,  between  every  im¬ 
mersion;  these  are  called  the  white  liquors.  Steep 
the  cloth  for  twelve  hours  at  125  degrees  Fahren¬ 
heit,  which  forms  what  is  called  the  white  steep. 
The  cloth  being  now  thoroughly  washed  in  cold 
water,  and  dried,  is  ready  to  receive,  first,  the  pink 
mordant,  which  is  composed  as  follows: — take 
equal  quantities,  by  measurement,  of  a  decoction 
of  galls  at  the  strength  of  four  to  six,  and  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  alum  at  one  half  degree,  the  alum  being 
previously  saturated  with  whitening,  or  any  other 
alkali,  in  the  proportion  of  1  ounce  to  the  pound 
weight  of  alum;  mix  them  together,  and  raise  the 
temperature  to  140  degrees  of  Fahrenheit,  or  as 
hot  as  can  be  handled.  By  immersion,  as  former- 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


81 


ly  mentioned,  in  this  mixture,  the  cloth,  when  dyed 
and  cleared.,  exhibits  a  beautiful  pink,  equal, ,if  not 
superior,  to  that  produced  by  cochineal. 

To  dye  silks  and  satins  brown  in  the  small  way. 

Fill  the  copper  with  river  water,  when  it  gently 
boils,  put  in  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of  chipped  fustic, 
two  ounces  of  madder,  one  ounce  of  sumach,  and 
half  an  ounce  of  camwood;  but  if  not  required  to 
be  so  red,  the  cam-wood  may  be  omitted.  These 
should  boil,  at  least,  from  half  an  hour  to  two  hours, 
that  the  ingredients  may  be  well  incorporated. 
The  copper  must  then  be  cooled  down  by  pouring 
in  cold  water:  the  goods  may  then  be  put  in,  and 
simmered  gently  from  half  and'  hour  to  an  hour. 
If  this  colour  should  appear  to  want  darkening,  or 
saddening,  it  may  be  done  by  taking  out  the  goods, 
and  adding  a  small  quantity  of  old  black  liquor;  a 
small  piece  of  green  copperas  may  be  used:  rinse 
in  two  or  three  water,  and  hang  up  to  dry. 

To  dye  silks  of  fawn  colour  drabs. 

Boil  one  ounce  of  fustic,  half  an  ounce  of  al¬ 
der  bark,  and  two  drachms  of  archil.  From  one 
to  four  drachms  of  the  best  crop  madder  must  be 
added  to  a  very  small  quantity  of  old  black  liquor, 
if  it  be  required  darker. 


To  dye  a  silk  shawl  scarlet. 

First  dissolve  two  ounces  of  white  soap  in  boil¬ 
ing  water,  handle  the  shawl  through  this  liquor, 
now  and  then  rubbing  such  places  with  the  hands 
as  may  appear  dirty,  till  it  is  as  clean  as  water  will 
make  it.  A  second,  or  even  a  third  liquor  may  be 


82  - 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


used,  if  required:  the  snawl  must  be  rinsed  out  in 
warm  Water. 

Then  take  half  an  ounce  ot  the  best  Spanish 
annatto,  and  dissolve  it  in  hot  water;  pour  this  so¬ 
lution  into  a  pan  of  warm  water,  and  handle  the 
shawl  through  this  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour;  then 
take  it  out  and  rinse  it  in  clean  water.  In  the 
meanwhile  dissolve  a  piece  of  alum  of  the  size  of 
a  horse  bean  in  warm  water,  and  let  the  shawl  re¬ 
main  in  this  half  an  hour;  take  it  out  and  rinse  it 
in  clear  water.  Then  boil  a  quarter  of  an  ounce 
of  the  best  cochineal  for  twenty  minutes,  dip  it 
out  of  the  copper  into  a  pan,  and  let  the  shawl  re¬ 
main  in  this  from  twenty  minutes  to  half  an  hour, 
which  will  make  it  a  full  blood  red.  Then  take 
out  the  shawl,  and  add  to  the  liquor  in  the  pan  a 
quart  more  of  that  out  of  the  copper,  if  there  is 
as  much  remaining,  and  about  half  a  small  wine- 
glassful  of  the  solution  of  tin:  when  cold,  rinse  it 
slightly  out  in  spring  water. 

To  dye  a  silk  shciivl  crimson. 

Take  about  a  table  spoonful  of  cudbear,  put  it 
into  a  small  pan,  pour  boiling  water  upon  it,  stir 
and  let  it  stand  a  few  minutes,  then  put  in  the  silk, 
and  turn  it  over  a  short  time,  and  when  the  colour 
is  full  enough,  take  it  out;  but  if  it  should  require 
more  violet  or  crimson,  add  a  spoonful  or  two  of 
purple  archil  to  some  warm  water,  and  dry  it  within 
doors.  To  finish  it,  it  must  be  mangled  or  clan- 
dered,  and  may  be  pressed,  if  such  a  convenience 
is  at  hand.. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


83 


half  of  archil,  mix  it  well  with  the  liquor;  make 
it  boil  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  dip  the  silk  quickly, 
then  let  it  cool,  and  wash  it  in  river  water,  and  a 
fine  half  violet,  or  lilac,  more  or  less  full,  will  be 
obtained. 


To  dye  thick  silks ,  satins ,  silk  stockings ,  fyc.  of  a 
flesh  colour. 

Wash  the  stockings  clean  in  soap  and  water, 
then  rinse  them  in  hot  water;  if  they  should  not 
then  appear  perfectly  clear,  cut  half  an  ounce  of 
white  soap  into  thin  slices,  and  put  it  into  a  sauce¬ 
pan  half  full  of  boiling  water;  when  this  soap  is 
dissolved,  cool  the  water  in  the  pan,  then  put  in 
the  stockings,  and  simmer  for  twenty  minutes;  take 
them  out,  and  rinse  in  hot  water;  in  the  interim 
pour  three  table  spoonsful  of  purple  archil  into  a 
Wash-hand  basin  half  full  of  hot  wTater;  put  the 
stockings  in  this  dye  water,  and  when  of  the  shade 
called  half  violet  or  lilac,  take  them  from  the  dye 
water,  and  slightly  rinse  them  in  cold;  when  dry 
hang  them  up  in  a  close  room  in  which  sulphur  is 
j burnt;  when  they  are  evenly  bleached  to  the  shade 
required  of  flesh  colour,  take  them  from  the  sul- 
phuring-room,  and  finish  them  by  rubbing  the 
right  side  with  a  clean  flannel.  Some  persons  cal¬ 
ender  them  afterwards.  Satins  and  silks  are  done 
th®  same  way. 

To  dye  silk  stockings  black. 

These  are  dyed  like  other  silks,  excepting  that 
they  must  be  steeped  a  day  or  two  in  black  liquor, 
before  they  are  put  into  the  black  silk  dye.  At 
first  they  will  look  like  an  iron  grey;  but  to  finish  # 
and  black  them,  they  must  be  put  on  wooden  legs, 


84 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


laid  on  a  table,  and  rubbed  with  the  oily  rubber, 
or  flannel,  upon  which  is  oil  of  olives,  and  then 
the  more  they  are  rubbed  the  better.  Each  pair 
of  stockings  will  require  half  a  table  spoonful  of 
oil,  at  least,  and  hall*  an  hour’s  rubbing,  to  finish 
them  well.  Sweet  oil  is  the  best  in  this  process, 
as  it  leaves  no  disagreeable  smell. 


To  (life  black  cloth  green. 

Clean  the  cloth  well  with  bullock’s  gall  and  wa¬ 
ter,  and  rinse  in  warm  water;  then  make  a  copper 
full  of  river  water  boiling  hot,  and  take  from  one 
pound  to  one  pound  and  a  half  of  fustic;  put  it  in, 
and  boil  it  twenty  minutes,  to  which  add  a  lump 
of  . alum  of  the  size  of  a  walnut;  when  this  is  dis¬ 
solved  in  the  copper,  put  in  the  coat,  and  boil  it 
twenty  minutes;  then  take  it  out,  and  add  a  small 
wine  glass,  three  parts  full,  of  chemic  blue,  and 
boil  again  from  half  an  hour  to  an  hour,  and  the 
cloth  will  be  a  beautiful  dark  green;  -then  wash 
out  and  dry. 


MISCELLANEOUS  RECEIPTS  FOR  DY¬ 
ING,  STAINING,  kc. 

To  turn  red  hair  black. 

Take  a  pint  of  the  liquor  of  pickled  herrings, 
half  a  pound  of  lamp-black,  and  two  ounces  of  the 
rust  of  iron.  Mix  and  boil  them  for  twenty  min¬ 
utes,  then  strain  and  rub  the  liquid  well  into  the 
roots  of  the  hair. 

To  dye  bristles  or  feathers  green. 

Take  of  verdigris  and  verditer,  each  I  ounce, 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  85 

gum  water  1  pint;  mix  them  well,  and  dip  the 
bristles  or  feathers,  they  having  been  first  soaked 
in  hot  water,  into  the  said  mixture. 

Blue. — Take  of  indigo  and  risse,  each  1  ounce, 
and  a  piece  of  alum  the  size  of  a  hazel  nut;  put 
them  into  gum  water,  and  dip  the  materials  into  it 
hot,  hang  them  up  to  dry,  and  clap  them  well  that 
they  may  be  open,  and  by  changing  the  colours, 
the  aforesaid  materials  may  be  in  this  manner  dy¬ 
ed  of  any  colour;  for  purple  use  lake  and  indigo; 
for  carnation,  Vermillion  and  smalt. 

Red. — Take  an  ounce  ef  Brazil  wood  in  powder, 
half  an  ounce  of  alum,  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of 
Vermillion,  and  a  pint  of  vinegar,  boil  them  up  to 
a  moderate  thickness,  and  dip  the  bristles  or  feath¬ 
ers,  they  having  been  first  soaked  in  hot  water,  in 
to  the  said  mixture. 


To  dye  or  colour  horse  hair 
Steep  in  water  wherein  a  small  quantity  of  tur¬ 
pentine  has  been  boiled  for  the  space  of  two  hours; 
then  having  prepared  the  colous  very  hot,  boil  the 
hair  therein,  and  any  colour,  black  excepted,  will 
take,  but  that  will  only  take  a  dark  red  or  dark 

blue,  Sac.  - 

To  dye  gloves. 

Take  the  colour  suitable  for  the  occasion;  if 
dark  take  Spanish  brown  and  black  earth;  if  light¬ 
er,  yellow  and  whiting;  and  so  on  with  other  col-^ 
ours:  mix  them  with  a  moderate  fire,  daub  the 
gloves  over  with  the  colour  wet,  and  let  them  hang 
till  they  are  dry,  then  beat  out  the  superfluity  of 
the  colour,  and  smooth  them  over  with  a  stretching 
or  sleeking  stick,  reducing  them  to  their  proper 
shape. 


8 


86 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


To  dye  white  gloves  purple.  ' 

Boil  four  ounces  of  logwood  and  two  ounces  of 
roche  alum  in  three  pints  of  soft  water  till  half 
wasted.  Let  the  liquor  stand  to  cool  after  strain¬ 
ing.  Let  the  gloves  be  nicely  mended,  then  with 
a  brush  rub  them  over,  and  when  dry  repeat  it. 
Twice  is  sufficient,  unless  the  colour  is  to  be  very 
dark;  when  dry,  rub  oft*  the  loose  dye  with  a 
coarse  cloth;  beat  up  the  white  of  an  egg,  and 
with  a  sponge  rub  it  over  the  leather.  The  dye 
will  stain  the  hands,  but  wetting  them  with  vinegar 
before  they  are  washed  will  take  it  off. 

To  prepare  wood  for  dyeing. 

The  wood  mostly  used  to  dye  black,  is  pear-tree, 
holly,  and  beach,  all  of  which  take  a  beautiful  black 
colour.  Do  not  use  wood  that  has'  been  long  cut, 
or  aged,  but  let  it  be  as  fresh  as  possible.  After 
the  veneers  have  had  one  hour’s  boiling,  and  then 
taken  out  to  cool,  the  colour  is  always  much  stron¬ 
ger.  When  dyed,  they  should  be  dried  m  the  air, 
and  not  by  the  fire,  nor  in  a  kiln  of  any  kind,  as 
artificial  heat  tends  to  destroy  the  colour. 

In  order  to  dye  blue,  green,  red  or  other  colours, 
take  clear  holly.  Put  the  veneers  into  a  box  or 
trough,  with  clear  water,  and  let  them  remain  four 
or  five  days,  changing  the  water  once  or  twice  as 
occasion  may  require,  the  water  will  clear  the 
wood  of  slime,  &c.  Let  them  dry  about  twelve 
hours  before  they  are  put  into  the  dye;  the  colour 
will  strike  quicker,  and  be  of  a  brighter  hue. 

To  prepare  blue  turnsole  for  staining  wood. 

Boil  four  ounces  of  turnsole  in  a  pint  and  a  half 
of  water,  in  which  lime  has  been  slaked. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


87 


To  stain  oak  a  mahogany  colour. 

Boil  together  Brazil  wood  and  Roman  alum,  and 
before  it  is  applied  to  the  wood,  a  little  potash  is 
to  be  added  to  it.  A  suitable  varnish  for  wood, 
thus  tinged,  may  be  made  by  dis-solving  amber  in 
oil  of  turpentine,  mixed  with  a  small  portion  of 
linseed  oil. 


Ebony-Black. 

Steep  the  wood  for  two  or  three  days  in  luke¬ 
warm  water,  in  which  a  little  alum  has  been  dis¬ 
solved;  then  put  a  handful  of  logwood,  cut  small, 
into  a  pint  of  water,  and  boil  it  down  to  less  than 
half  a  pint.  If  a  little  indigo  is  added,  the  colour 
will  be  more  beautiful.  Spread  a  layer  of  this  li¬ 
quor  quite  hot  on  the  wood  with  a  pencil,  which 
will  give  it  a  violet  colour.  When  it  is  dry, 
spread  on  another  layer;  dry  it  again,  and  give  it  a 
third:  then  boil  verdigris  at  discretion  in  its  own 
vinegar,  and  spread  a  layer  of  it  on  the  wood:  when 
it  is  dry,  rub  it  with  a  brush,  and  then  with  oiled 
chamois  skin.  This  gives  a  fine  black,  and  imi¬ 
tates  perfectly  the  colour  of  ebony. 

Another  method. 

After  forming  the  wood  into  the  destined  figure, 
rub  it  with  aqua-fortis  a  little  diluted.  Small 
threads  of  wood  will  rise  in  the  drying  which  is  to 
be  rubbed  off  with  pumice  stone.  Repeat  this  pro¬ 
cess  again,  and  then  rub  the  wood  with  the  follow¬ 
ing  composition;  put  into  a  glazed  earthern  vessel 
a  pint  of  strong  vinegar,  two  ounces  of  fine  iron 
filings,  and  half  a  pound  of  pounded  galls,  and  al¬ 
low  them  to  infuse  for  three  or  four  hours  on  hot 
cinders.  At  the  end  of  this  time  augment  the  fire. 


88 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


#id  pour  into  the  vessel  four  ounces  of  coperas 
<  sulphate  of  iron)  and  a  chopin  of  water  having 
calf  an  ounce  of  borax,  and  as  much  indigo  dissolv¬ 
ed  in  it;  and  make  the  whole  boil  till  a  froth  rises. 
Rub  several  layers  of  this  upon  the  wood;  and 
when  it  is  dry,  polish  it  with  leather  on  which  a  lit¬ 
tle  tripoli  has  been  put. 

To  stain  beech-wood  a  mahogany  colour. 

Break  two  ounces  of  dragon’s  blood  in  pieces, 
and  put  them  into  a  quart  of  rectified  spirit  of  wine; 
let  the  bottle  stand  in  a  warm  place,  and  shake  it 
frequently.  When  dissolved  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Another  method. 

Boil  one  pound  of  logwood  in  four  quarts  of  wa¬ 
ter,  and  add  a  double  handful  of  walnut  peeling. 
Boil  it  up  again,  take  out  the  chips,  add  a  pint  of 
the  best  vinegar,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 

To  stain  musical  instruments. 

Crimson. 

Boil  one  pound  of  ground  Brazil-wood  in  three 
quarts  of  water  for  an  hour;  strain  it,  and  add  half 
an  ounce  of  cochineal;  boil  it  again  for  half  an 
hour  gently,  and  it  will  be  fit  for  use. 

Purple. 

Boil  a  pound  of  chip  logwood  in  three  quarts  of 
water  for  an  hour;  then  add  four  ounces  of  pearl- 
ash,  and  two  ounces  of  indigo  pounded. 

To  stain  box  wood  brown. 

Hold  the  work  to  the  fire,  that  it  may  receive  a 
gentle  warmth;  then  take  aqua  fortis,  and  with  a 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


89 


feather  pass  it  over  the  work,  till  it  changes  to  a 
fine  brown.  Then  oil  and  polish  it. 

To  dye  wood  a  silver  grey. 

Let  not  the  veneers  be  two  dry;  when  put  into 
the  copper,  pour  hot  iron  liquor  (acetate  ot  iron) 
over  them,  and  add  one  pound  of  chip  logwood 
with  two  ounces  of  bruised  nut-galls.  Then  boil 
another  pot  of  iron  liquor  to  supply  the  copper, 
keeping  the  veneers  covered  and  boiling  two 
hours  a  day,  until  thoroughly  penetrated. 

Bright  yelloiv. — A  very  small  bit  of  aloes  put 
into  the  varnish,  will  make  the  wood  of  a  good  yel¬ 
low  colour. 


Another  method. 

Reduce  four  pounds  of  the  roots  of  barbary,  by 
sawing  into  dust,  which  put  into  a  copper  or  brass 
pan,  add  four  ounces  of  tumeric,  to  which  put  four 
gallons  of  water,  then  put  in  as  many  holly  veneers 
as  the  liquor  will  cover;  boil  them  together  for 
three  hours,  often  turning  them.  When  cool,  add 
two  ounces  of  aqua-fortis,  and  the  dye  will  strike 
through  much  sooner. 

Bright  green.- Proceed  as  before  to  produce  a 
yellow;  but  instead  of  aqua-fortis^  add  as  much  of 
the  vitriolated  indigo  as  will  produce  the  desir¬ 
ed  colour. 

Another  method. — To  three  pints  of  the  strong¬ 
est  vinegar,  add  four  ounces  of  the  best  verdigris, 
ground  fine,  half  an  ounce  of  sap-green,  and  half 
an  ounce  of  indigo.  Proceed  in  straining  as  be¬ 
fore.  g* 


90 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


Bright  red. — To  two  pounds  of  genuine  Brazil 
dust,  add  4  gallons  of  water,  put  in  as  many  ve¬ 
neers  as  the  liquor  will  well  cover,  boil  them  for 
three,  hours,  and  let  them  cool;  then  add  two  oun¬ 
ces  of  aqua-fortis,  and  ke&p  it  luke-warm  until  it 
has  struck  through. 

Purple. — To  two  ounces  of  chip  logwood,  and 
half  a  pound  of  Brazil-dust,  add  four  gallons  of 
water.  Put  in  the  veneers,  and  boil  them  well; 
then  add  six  ounces  of  pearl-a&h  and  two  ounces 
of  alum:  let  them  boil  two  or  three  hours  every 
day,  till  the  colour  has  struck  through. 

Fine  blue. — Into  a  pound  of  oil  of  vitriol  in  a  glass 
bottle,  put  four  ounces  of  indigo,' and  proceed  as 
before  directed. 

To  stain  paper  or  parchment.- — Yellow. 

Paper  may  be  stained  a  beautiful  yellow  by  the 
tincture  of  turmeric  formed  by  infusing  an  ounce 
or  more  of  the  root,  powdered,  in  a  pint  of  spirit 
of  wine.  This  may  be  made  to  give  any  tint  of 
yellow,  from  the  lightest  straw  to  the  full  colour, 
called  French  yellow,  and  will  be  equal  in  bright¬ 
ness  even  to  the  best  dyed  silks.  If  yellow  be 
wanted  of  a  warmer  or  redder  cast,  annatto,  or 
dragon’s  blood,  must  be  added.  The  best  man¬ 
ner  of  using  these,  and  the  following  tinctures,  is 
to  spread  them  even  on  the  paper,  or  parchment 
by  means  of  a  broad  brush,  in  the  manner  of  var¬ 
nishing. 

Crimson. — A  very  fine  crimson  stain  may  be 
given  to  paper  by  a  tincture  of  the  Indian  Lake, 
which  may  be  made  by  infusing  the  lake  some 
days  in  spirit  of  wine,  and  then  pouring  off  the 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS.  91 

tincture  from  the  dregs.  It  may. be  stained  red 
by  red  ink.  It  may  aiso  be  stained  of  a  scarlet 
hue  by  the  tincture  of  dragon’s  blood  in  spirit  of 
wine,  but  this  will  not  be  bright. 

Green. — Paper  or  parchment  may  be  stained 
green,  by  the  solution  of  verdigris  in  vinegar,  or 
by  the  crystals  of  verdigris  dissolved  in  water. 

Orange. — Stain  the  paper  or  parchment  first  of 
a  full  yellow,  by  means  of  the  tincture  of  tumer- 
ick;  then  brush  it  over  with  a  solution  of  fixed  al¬ 
kaline  salt,  made  by  dissolving  half  an  ounce  of 
pearl-ashes,  or  salt  of  tartar,  in  a  quart  of  water, 
and  filtering  the  solution. 

Purple. — Paper  or  parchment  may  be  stained 
purple,  by  archil,  or  by  the  tincture  of  logwood. 

The  juice  of  ripe  privet  berries  expressed  will 
likewise  give  a  purple  dye. 

To  marble  the  edges  of  books  or  paper. 

Dissolve  four  ounces  of  gum  arabic  in  two 
quarts  of  clear  water:  then  provide  several  col¬ 
ours  mixed  with  water  in  pots  or  shells,  and  with 
pencils  peculiar  to  each  colour,  sprinkle  them  by 
way  of  intermixture  upon  the  gum-water,  which 
must  be  put  into  a  trough,  on  some  broad  vessel; 
then  with  a  stick  curl  them  or  draw  them  out  in 
streaks,  to  as  much  variety  as  required. 

Having  done  this,  hold  the  book  or  books  close 
together,  and  only  dip  the  edges  in,  on  the  top  of 
the  water  and  colours  very  lightly;  which  done,  take 
them  off,  and  the  plain  impression  of  the  colours 
in  mixture  will  be  upon  the  leaves;  doing  as  well 


92  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

the  ends,  as  the  front,  of  the  book  the  same  man 
ner. 


To  marble  the  covers  of  boohs. 

This  is  performed  by  forming  clouds  with  aqua 
fortis,  or  spirit  of  vitriol,  mixed  with  ink,  and  after¬ 
wards  glazing  .the  covers. 

To  colour  vellum  green. 

Take  half  a  pint  of  the  best  white  wine  vinegar, 
an  ounce  of  verdigris,  and  half  an  ounce  of  sap 
green;  dissolve  them  in  the  vinegar  for*  a  few 
days,  having  been  heated  by  the  fire.  Shake 
the  bottle  frequently  before  it  is  used. 

Wash  the  vellum  over  with  weak  potash  wa¬ 
ter,  and  when  dry,  colour  it  with  the  green  three 
or  four  times,  till  it  has  a  good  colour:  when  dry, 
wash  it  over  with  thin  paste  water,  to  give  the  vel¬ 
lum  a  gloss . 

To  black  the  edges  of  paper. 

Mix  black  lead  with  ink,  and  when  the  paper  is 
cut,  colour  it  thinly  over  with  black  ink,  with  a 
fine  piece  of  cloth;  rub  on  the  black-lead,  cover 
ing  every  part;  take  the  dog’s-tooth,  and  bur¬ 
nish  the  edge  till  it  becomes  well  polished. 

When  the  edge  of  the  paper,  after  cutting,  ap¬ 
pears  rather  rough,  scrape  it  over  with  a  piece  of 
glass  or  an  iron  scraper,  with  a  flat  edge. 

To  spnnhle  the  edges  of  boohs ,  Sfc. 

The  brushes  used  for  book-edges,  must  be  made 
of  Russia  hog’s  bristles,  of  good  thickness,  tied 
round  with  cord*,  glued  at  the  thick  end,  and  half 
covered  with  a  piece  of  leather:  when  dry,  tye  the 
brush  again  with  a  waxed  cord,  within  half  an  inch 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


93 


of  the  soft  part,  and  cut  it  very  smooth  and  even. 
Brushes  made  after  this  manner  are  preferable  to 
those  with  a  handle. 

Prepare  the  colour  in  a  cup;  dip  in  the  brush  till 
it  is  charged,  and  then  press  it  out  till  it  will  drop 
no  longer.  The  book  must  be  screwed  tight  in  the 
cutting  press:  hold  the  brush  in  the  left  hand,  and, 
with  a  folding  stick  in  the  right,  rub  it  over  the 
brush,  which  will  cause  the  colour  to  sprinkle  fine¬ 
ly  on  the  edges.  The  brush  must  be  moved  up 
and  down  over  the  edge,  as  you  sprinkle,  to  have 
it  regular  on  every  part.  After  the  sprinkling  is 
done,  the  brushes  should  be  carefully  washed  in 
water,  particularly  after  sprinkling  blue,  which  will 
otherwise  soon  destroy  the  brush. 

To  dye  or  stain  horn  tortoise-shell  colour. 

The  horn  to  be  dyed  must  be  first  pressed  into 
proper  plates,  scales,  or  other  flat  form,  and  the 
following  mixture  prepared:  Take  of  quick-lime 
two  parts,  and  litharge  one  part,  temper  them  to¬ 
gether  to  the  consistence  of  a  soft  paste,  with  soap 
ley.  Put  this  paste  over  all  the  parts  of  the  horn, 
except  such  as  are  proper  to  be  left  transparent,  in 
order  to  give  it.  a  near  resemblance  to  the  tortoise¬ 
shell.  The  horn  must  remain  in  this  manner,  cov¬ 
ered  with  the  paste,  till  it  is  thoroughly  dry;  when, 
the  paste  being  brushed  off,  the  horn  will  be  found 
partly  opaque  and  partly  transparent,  in  the  man¬ 
ner  of  tortoise-shell,  and  when  put  over  a  foil 
of  the  kind  of  lattern,  called  orsedue,  will  be 
scarce  distinguishable  from  it.  It  requires  some 
degree  of  fancy  and  judgment  to  dispose  of  the 
paste  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  a  variety  of  trans¬ 
parent  parts,  of  different  magnitudes;  and  figures 


94 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


to  look  like  the  effect  of  nature;  and  it  will  be  an 
improvement  to  add  semi-transparent  parts,  which 
may  be  done  by  mixing  whiting  with  some  of  the 
paste,  to  weaken  its  operation  in  particular  places, 
by  which  spots  of  a  reddish-brown  will  be  produ¬ 
ced,  which,  if  properly  interspersed,  especially  on 
the  edges  of  the  dark  parts,  will  greatly  increase 
the  beauty  of  the  work,  and  its  similitude  to  real 
tortoise-shell. 


Another  method. 

Take  an  equal  quantity  of  quick-lime  and  red 
lead,  and  mix  it  up  with  strong  soap  lees.  Lay  it 
on  the  horn  with  a  small  brush,  like  the  mottle  in 
tortoise-shell.  When  dry,  repeat  the  same  two  or 
three  times. 


To  dye  horns  of  different  colours. 

Black  is  performed  by  steeping  brass  in  aqua 
fords  till  it  is  turned  green:  with  this  the  horn  is 
to  be  washed  once  or  twice,  and  then  put  into  a 
warmed  decoction  of  logwood  and  water. 

Green  is  begun  by  boiling  it,  &c.  in  alum-water, 
then  with  verdigris,  ammoniac,  and  white,  wine  vin¬ 
egar,  keeping  it  hot  therein  till  sufficiently  green. 

Red  is  begun  by  boiling  it  in  alum  water,  then  with 
verdigris,  ammoniac,  and  finished  by  decoction  in 
'a  liquor  compounded  of  quick-lime  steepod  in  rain 
water,  strained,  and  to  every  pint  an  ounce  of 
Brazil  wood  added.  In  this  decoction  the  horns 
are  to  be  boiled  till  sufficiently  red. 

Horns  receive  a  deep  black  stain  from  solution 
of  siilver.  It  ought  to  be  diluted  to  such  a  degree 
as  not  sensibly  to  corrode  the  subject,  and  applied 
two  or  three  times  if  necessary,  at  considerable 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


95 


intervals,  the  matter  being  exposed  as  much  as 
possible  to  the  sun,  to  hasten  the  appearance  and 
deepening  of  the  colour. 

To  imitate  King  or  Botany-bay  wood. 

Take  French  berries  half  a  pound,  and  boil 
them  in  two  quarts  df  water,  till  you  have  a  deep 
yellow,  and  with  it  boiling  hot,  give  two  or  three 
coats  to  your  work;  let  it  be  nearly  dry,  then,  with 
the  black  stain  form  the  grain  with  your  brush:  to 
be  used  hot. 

JY.  B.  You  may,  for  variety,  after  giving  it 
two  or  three  coats  of  yellow,  give  one  of  strong 
logwood  liquor  which  will  heighten  the  colour,  and 
then  use  the  black  stain  as  directed. 

JL  common  red  for  bedsteads  and  common  chairs. 

Archil,  as  sold  at  the  shops,  will  produce  a  very 
goad  stain  of  itself  when  used  cold;  but  if,  after 
one  or  two  coats  being  applied  and  suffered  to  get 
almost  dry,  we  brush  it  over  with  a  hot  solution  of 
pearlash  in  water,  it  will  improve  the  colour. 

To  imitate  rose-wood. 

Take  half  a  pound  of  logwood,  boil  it  with  three 
pints  of  water  till  it  is  of  a  very  dark  red,  to  which 
add  about  half  an  ounce  of  salt  of  tartar,  and 
when  bailing  hot  stain  your  wood  with  two  or 
three  c^ats,  taking  care  that  it  is  nearly  dry  be¬ 
tween  each;  then  with  a  stiff  flat  brushc  such  as  is 
used  by  the  painters  for  graining,  form  streaks 
with  the  black  stain  above  named,  which  if  care¬ 
fully  executed,  will  be  very  near  the  appearance 
of  dark  rose  wood. 


96 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


Another  Method. 

Stain  your  wood  all  over  with  the  black  stain, 
and  when  dry,  with  a  brush  as  above,  dipped  in 
the  brightening  liquid,  form  red  veins  in  imitation 
of  the  grain  of  rose-wood,  which  will  produce, 
when  well  managed,  a  beautiful  effect. 

JYote — A  handy  brush  for  the  purpose,  will  be 
made  by  taking  a  flat  brush  such  as  is  used  for 
varnishing,  and  cutting  the  sharp  points  off  the 
hairs,  and  making  the  edge  irregular,  by  cutting 
J  out  a  few  hairs  here  and  there,  you  will  have  a 
.tool  which,  without  any  trouble,  will  imitate  th<* 
grain  with  great  accuracy. 

To  varnish  a  piece  of  Furniture. 

,  First,  observe  the  work  to  be  clean;  then  see  if 
'any  knots  or  blemishes  require  filling,  up,  which 
must  be  done  with  cement  of  the  same  colour; 
have  your  varnish  in  an  earthen  pot,  with  a  piece 
of  wire  f  diametrically  across  the  top,  slackened 
downwards,  to  stroke  the  brush  against;  then  see 
that  your  brush  is  clean,  and  free  from  loose  hairs, 
dip  your  brush  in  the  varnish,  stroking  it  across 
the  wire,  and  give  the  work  a  thin  and  regular 
!  coat;  soon  after  that  another,  and^ another,  always 
taking  care  not  to  pass  the  brush  twice  in  the 
same  place;  let  it  stand  to  dry  in  a  moderately 
warm  place,  that  the  varnish  may  not  chill. 

|  When  you  have  given  your  work  about  six  or 
seven  coats,  let  it  get  quite  hard,  (which  you  will 
prove  by  pressing  your  knuckles  on  it,  if  it  leaves 
a  mark  it  is  not  hard  enough;  )  then  with  the 
three  first  fingers  of  your  hand,  rub  the  varnish  till 
it  chafes,  and  proceed  over  that  part  of  the  work 
you  mean  to  polish,  in  order  to  take  out  all  the 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


97 


streaks,  or  partial  lumps  made  by  the  brush;  give 
it  then  another  coat,  and  let  it  stand  a,day  or  two 
to  harden. 

Note — The  best  vessel  for  holding  your  varnish 
is  commonly  sold  at  colour-shops,  called  a  varnish 
pan;  it  is  constructed  oftinwitha  false  bottom; 
the  interval  between  the  two  bottoms  is  filled  with 
sand,  which  being  heated  over  the  fire,  keeps  the 
varnish  fluid  and  flows  more  readily  from  the 
brush;  there  is  a  tin  handle  to  it,  and  the  false  bot¬ 
tom  comes  sloping  from  one  end  to  the  other,  which 
causes  the  varnish  to  run  to  one  end,  and  with  a 
wire  across  in  the  same  manner  ^ls  recommended 
in  the  above  directions. 

To  keep  your  brushes  in  order . 

J  The  brushes  used  for  varnishing  are  either  flat 
in  tin,  or  round  tied  firm  to  the  handle,  and  either 
made  of  camel’s  hair  or  very  fine  bristles;  in  the 
use  of  which  it  is  necessary-  to  be  very  careful  in 
cleaning  them  after  being  used,  for  if  laid  by  with 
the  varnish  in  them  they  are  soon  spoiled;  therefore 
j  after  using  them  wash  them  well  in  spirits  of  wine 
or  turpentine,  according  to  the  nature  of  your  var¬ 
nish  ;  after  which  you  may  wash  them  out  with  hot 
water  and  soap  and  they  will  be  as  good  as  new,  and 
last  a  great  while  with  care;  and  the  spirits  that  are 
used  for  cleaning,  may  be  used  to  mix  with  varnish 
for  the  more  common  purposes,  or  the  brushes  may 
be  cleansed  merely  with  boiling  water  and  strojig 
yellow  soap. 

To  make  the  best  white  hard  Varnish . 

Rectified  spirits  of  wine,  two  gallons:  gum  san- 
drach,  five  pounds;  gum  mastic,  one  pound;  gum 
9 


98 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 


anime,  four  ounces;  put  these  in  a  clean  can, or  bot¬ 
tle  to  dissolve,  in  a  warm  place,  frequently  shaking 
it,  if  (when  the  gum  is  dissolved)  you  strain  it 
through  a  lawn  sieve,  it  is  fit  for  use. 


To  make  Mastic  Varnish  proper  for  varnishing 
Pictures  or  Drawings. 

To  every  quart  of  spirits  of  turpentine  put  one 
pound  and  a  quarter  of  the  cleanest  gum  mastic, 
set  it  in  a  sandbath  till  it  is  all  dissolved,  then 
strain  it  through  a  fine  sieve,  and  it  is  ready  for 
use;  if  too  thick,  you  may  thin  it  with  spirits  of  tur¬ 
pentine. 


To  make  Turpentine  Varnish. 

To  one  gallon  of  spirits  of  turpentine  add  five 
pounds  of  clear  rosin  pounded;  put  it  in  a  tin  can, 
on  a  stove  and  let  it  boil  for  half  an  hour;  when  the 
rosin  is  all  dissolved;  let  it  cool,  and  it  is  fit  for 
use. 


To  make  a  Varnish  for  Violins ,  &c. 

Take  half  a  gallon  of  rectified  spirits  of  wine,  to 
which  put  six  ounces  of  gum  mastic,  and  half  a  pint 
of  turpentine  varnish;  put  the  above  in  a  tin  can, 
keep  it  in  a  very  warm  place,  frequently  shaking  it, 
until  it  is  dissolved;  strain  it  and  keep  it  for  use. 
Should  you  find  it  harder  than  you  wish,  you 
may  add  a  little  more  turpentine  varnish. 

To  Varnish  Harps  and  Dulcimers  in  the  Indian 
manner. 

Prepare  the  work  with  size  and  red  ochre ;  then 
take  ochre,  burnt  umber,  and  red-lead,  well  ground, 
and  mix  up  a  dark  brown  color  in  turpentine  var- 


GEJNUINE  RECEIPTS. 


99 


nish,  adding  so  much  spirits  of  turpentine  that  you 
may  just  be  able  to  work  it,  pass  over  your  work 
fair  and  even;  and  while  it  is  yet  wet,  take  a  muslin 
sieve,  and  sift  as  much  Dutch  metal,  (bronze,)  up¬ 
on  it  as  you  think  requisite  to  produce  the  effect; 
after  which  varnish  and  polish  it. 

To  varnish  Drawings ,  or  any  kind  of  Paper  or 
Card-work. 

Take  some  clear  parchment  cuttings, boil  them  in 
water  in  a  clean  glazed  pipkin,  till  they  produce  a 
very  clear  size,  strain  it,  and  keep  it  for  use. 

Give  your  work  two  coats  of  the  above  size,  pas¬ 
sing  quickly  over  the  v7ork,  not  to  disturb  the  col¬ 
ors,  proceed  as  before  directed  with  your  varnish. 

Another  Method  still  better. 

Tak  e  one  ounce  of  the  best  isinglass,  dissolve  it 
in  about  a  pint  of  water  by  simmering  it  over  the  fire ; 
strain  it  through  fine  muslin,  and  keep  it  for  use. 

Try  the  size  on  a  piece  of  paper,  (heat  it  to  a 
moderate  heat,)  and  if  it  glistens  it  is  too  thick; 
then  add  more  water, if  it  soaks  into  the  paper  it  is  too 
thin;  add  or  diminish  the  isinglass  till  it  merely  dulls 
the  surface;  then  take  your  drawing,  and  give  it  two 
or  three  coats,  being  careful  (particularly  in  the 
first  coat)  to  bear  very  lightly  on  the  brush,  (which 
should  be  aflat  tin  camel’s  hair,)  and  plenty  of  size 
to  flow  freely  from  it,  otherwise  you  may  damage 
the  drawing. 

Then  take  the  best  mastic  varnish  and  give  it  at 
least  three  coats,  and  the  effect  will  answer  your 
most  sanguine  wishes. 


Note. — This  is  the  method  used  by  many  emi- 


100  GEJN  UUNE  RECEIPTS. 

nent  artists  and  is  found  superior  to  any  that  has 
been  tried. 


Amber  Varnish. 

Take  amber  eight  ounces,  in  powder,  and  two 
of  gum  lac:  melt  the  amber  by  means  of  the  heat, 
by  means  of  a  glazed  pipkin,  with  half  a  pint  of  the 
best  spirits  of  turpentine;  and  when  melted  add  the 
gum  lac,  place  it  on  the  fire  again,  and  keep  stir¬ 
ring  it  with  a  piece  of  wood  till  it  is  all  dissolved, 
then  add  one  ounce  of  the  clearest  cold-drawn  lin 
seed  oil;  stir  it  well  together,  and  strain  it  for  use 

Oil  Varnish. 

Take  any  quantity  of  the  best  linseed  oil,  let  it 
boil  for  an  hour,  then  to  every  pound  of  oil  add  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  the  clearest  rosin  in  powder, 
stir  it  well  till  dissolved;  then  add  for  every  pound 
of  oil  used,  one  ounce  of  spirits  of  turpentine, 
strain  it  and  bottle  for  use. 

Note. — This  is  a  cheap  and  good  *  varnish  for 
sash  frames,  or  any  work  where  economy  is  requir¬ 
ed;  it  has  besides  the  property  of  bearing  hot  wa¬ 
ter  without  being  damaged,  and  is  not  subject  to 
crack  or  scratch. 


Copal  Varnish. 

Take  spirits  of  wine  one  quart,  gum  copal  one 
ounce,  and  shell  lac  half  an  ounce;  reduce  the 
gums  to  powder,  put  the  spirits  in  a  jar  or  bottle, 
add  the  gums,  place  the  whole  in  a  warm  place, 
with  the  cork  lightly  in  the  bottle;  shake  it  occa¬ 
sionally,  and  when  the  gums  are  quite  dissolved, 
strain  and  bottle  for  use. 


GENUINE  RECEIPTS 


101 


To  tinge  bone  and  ivory  red. 

Boil  shavings  of  scarlet  cloth  in  water.  When  it 
begins  to  boil,  throw  in  a  quarter  of  a  pound  of 
ashes  made  from  the  dregs  of  wine,  which  will  ex¬ 
tract  the  colour;  then  throw  in  a  little  roche  alum 
to  clear  it,  and  pass  the  water  through  a  linen  cloth. 
Steep  the  ivory  or  bone  in  aqua-fortis,  and  put  in¬ 
to  the  water.  If  it  is  necessary  to  leave  white 
spots,  cover  the  place  destined  for  them  with  wax. 

Black. — Take  a  double  handful  of  lime,  and  slack 
it  by  sprinkling  it  with  water:  stir  it  up  together, 
let  it  settle  ten  minutes,  and  pour  the  water  into 
a  pan.  Then  take  the  ivory,  &.c.  and  steep  it  in 
the  lime  water  twenty -four  hours,  after  which,  boil 
it  in  strong  alum  water  one  hour,  and  dry  it  in  the 
air. 

Another  method. 

Steep  the  bone  or  ivory  during  five  or  six  days, 
in  water  of  galls  with  ashes  made  with  dried  dregs 
of  winn  and  arsenic;  then  give  it  two  or  three  lay¬ 
ers  of  the  same  black,  with  which  plumtree  is  black¬ 
ened  in  order  to  imitate  ebony. 

Or  dissolve  silver  in  aqua-fortis,  and  put  into  it 
a  little  rose  water.  Rub  the  ivory  with  this  and 
allow  it  to  dry  in  the  sun. 

Green — This  colour  is  imparted  to  ivory  or  bone 
by  a  solution  of  copper  or  verdigris  in  aqua-fortis, 
or  by  grinding  together  two  parts  of  verdigris  and 
one  of  sal-ammoniac. 

Purple. — Take  four  ounces  of  aqua-regia,  and 
one  of  sal-ammoniac. 

Yelloiv. — Ivory,  bone,  horn,  &c.  may  de  staned 
yellow f  by  previously  boiling  them  in  a  solution  of 
one  pound  of  alum,  in  two  quarts  of  water,  then 
immersing  them  for  half  an  hour  in  a  liquor,  pre- 
9  * 


102  GENUINE  RECEIPTS. 

pared  by  boiling  half  a  pound  of  tumeric  in  a  gal¬ 
lon  of  water,  until  it  be  reduced  to  hree  quarts,  and 
afterwards  plunging  the  coloured  substance  into 
alum  water. 

Blue. — All  bony  matters  may  be  stained  blue,  by 
first  tinging  them  with  green,  and  then  dipping 
them  into  a  hot  and  strong  solution  of  pearl-ashes. 


1MBUX. 


CURIOUS  ARTS. 

To  Burnish  with  Gold 
Enamel  Picture  Glasses 
Wash  Iron  or  Steel  with  Gold 
Wash  Brass  or  Copper  with  Silver 
Ornamental  Bronze  Gilding 
To  give  wood  a  Gold,  Silver  or  Copper  lustre 
Print  Gold  Letters  on  Morocco 
Dye  silk  a  brilliant  Gold  colour 

- Silver  colour 

Silver  Looking-Glasses  -  - 

To  write  on  paper  with  Gold  or  Silver 
To  make  good  shining  Black  Ink 

- -  Blue  Ink 

- -  Red  Ink 

- Yellow  Ink 

- Green  Ink 

i - Purple  Ink 

To  write  in  various  colours  with  the  same  pen,  ink  and  paper 
Invisible  Ink  for  secret  correspondence 
Sympathetic  Ink  -  -  -  16 

Luminous  Ink 

To  make  writing  appear  and  disappear  at  pleasure 
Make  writing  vanish  and  another  appear  in  its  place 
Restore  old  writing  - 

A  picture  that  will  appear  and  disappear  occasionally 
To  give' Iron  the  whiteness  of  Silver 

MEDICAL*  AND  MISCELLANEOI  S. 

Astringent  for  the  teeth 
Bread,  improvement  - 

Blacking  -  -  -  2K  25 

Botts,  in  a  horse  ... 

Bugs  - 

Beer  -  -  -  -  27 

Breath  ... 

Cough,  w'hooping  - 

Caifker  -  - 

Cancers  -  -  -  10 


3 

4 

4 

4 

5 

6 

6, 

6 

7 

13 

14 

14 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

16 

16 

17 

17 

17 

18 

18 

18 

19 

47 

23 

28 

24 

25 

28 

48 

9 

9 

II 


2 


INDEX. 


Corns 
Cuts , 

China 

CordiaJ 

Cement 

Cherries  -  .  - 

Cream  of  roses 

Dropsy  -  -  ' 

Dye,  yellow  and  green 

Damsons 

Eyes 

Eye  stone 
Flies 
Gravel 
Gout 

Grease  spots 

Gloves 

Grapes 

Goosberries 

Horses 

Hair 

Ink 

Iron  moulds 
Ink.  spots 
Jaundice 

Liquid  Laudanum 
Looking  glasses 
Leather,  water  proof,  tanning 
Meat,  preserved 
Ointment,  nerve 

bone  • 

Polypus"  - 
Potatoes 
Ploughing 
Pickle 

Pearl  water  • 

Paste,  alum  - 

Quinsy  -  • 

Rattlesnake,  bite 
Ricketts  -  • 

Rheumatism  * 

Rye 

Sciatic 

Stone 

Stains 

Stalks  -  f 


20  21 
20 

23 

24 
49 

45 

46 

-  11  12 

27 

44 

21 

27 

25 
19 
21 

26 
48 

44 

45 

23 

24 

23 

24 

-  26  50 
13  19 

12 

13 

22 

23 

12 

12 

9 

27 

28 
44 

46 
46 
12 
10 
13 

-  28 

13 

.  19 

26 
28 


INDEX. 

3 

Salve 

_ 

* 

47 

Sealing  wax 

- 

- 

- 

50 

Strawberries 

. 

. 

45 

Throat 

- 

- 

- 

20 

Teeth 

-• 

- 

21 

Tooth  ache 

- 

- 

- 

20  47 

Ulcers 

- 

- 

9 

Worms 

- 

- 

Wines 

- 

■: 

22  25 

BLEACHING  AND  WASHING. 

To  clean  buff  coloured  cloth 

_ 

_ 

31 

wash  fine  linen  and  lace 

- 

- 

31 

clean  white  veils 

- 

31 

<c  black  “ 

- 

. 

32 

clean  black  silks 

- 

. 

31 

clean  scarlet  cloth 

- 

- 

- 

32 

dip  scarlet  cloth  i 

. 

. 

32 

clean  gloves 

- 

. 

- 

33 

take  out  writing 

- 

-• 

33 

clean  paper  hangings 

- 

- 

- 

34 

clean  gold  lace  - 

- 

- 

49 

take  out  ink  spots 

- 

- 

4£ 

COOKING,  &c. 

To  fry  meats 

34 

pot  leg  of  beef 

- 

- 

35 

make  plain  pudding 

^  - 

35 

potatde  pudding 

- 

- 

36 

tansy  pudding 

36 

Fast  day’s  dish 

- 

■- 

36 

Puff  paste 

36 

Short  crust 

- 

. 

37 

Steam  potatoes 

37 

Paste  for  tarts 

. 

_ 

37 

A  rich  plum  cake 

38 

A  rich  seed  cake 

. 

- 

39 

Plain  pound  cake 

30 

Gingerbread 

- 

- 

39 

Cream  cakes 

40 

Common  buns 

_ 

40 

Custards 

40 

Cakes 

_ 

41 

Biscuits 

_ 

4! 

Currant  jelley 

- 

- 

42 

4 


INDEX 


Raspberry  cream  42 

Strawberry  jam  -  -  -43 

Raspberry  jam  -  •  43 

To  salt  hams  -  -  •  41 


DYEING. 


Acetite  of  alumme  • 

-  of  lead  and  copper 

Blue,  wool  and  woolen  cloth 

Black  dyes  • 

Bottle  green  -  • 

Brown  -  - 

Black  cloth,  green  -  • 

Colours,  to  render  holding 
of  garments  to  change  - 
to  discharge  -  - 

Cottons,  to  dye  blue  * 

red,  scarlet,  &c. 
black 
yellow 

Compound  coloui , 

Cinnamon 

Crimson,  red  orange,  or  yellow  - 
Chemic,  blue  and  green,  to  make 
Effect  of  various  waters  on  various  colours 
Flesh  colour 

Green,  different  shades  -  • 

Grey,  drab,  aud  dark  brown 
Linen  to  dye  blue  -  - 

black  - 
yellow  - 

Logwood,  the  dye  of  r 
Mordants,  to  prepare 
to  chose  and  apply 
Swiss  deep  and  pale  red  tropical 
Materials,  to  purchase 
Madder,  dye  of  - 
Muriate  of  tin 

•  Mineral  yellow  upon  wool,  silk,  cotton,  hemp,  &c. 
Mixed  cloth,  black  - 
Olive,  oil,  and  crimson 
Purple 

Prussian  blue  - 
Realgar,  to  prepare 
Red  dyes 


52 

78 
57 
70 
76 
76 
84 
56 
62 
61 
6S 
69 

71,  75,  76,  79 
65 

72 

76 

77 

59 

60 
83 

73 

74 
63 

71,  75,  76 

65 
55 

51 

52 

79 
5*7 
55 
60 

66 
75,  76 
74,  76 
74,  76 

•  77 

66 
67 


INDEX. 


5 


Solution  of  tin  in  aquafortis 
Silk,  to  alum  - 

to  due  blue 
yellow 

red,  crimson,  &c. 

black  -  - 

lilac  - 

brown  - 

of  fawn  colour,  drab 

shawl,  scarlet 

crimson 

Stockings,  black  - 

Snuff  colour 
Tow,  &c.  - 

To  carry  colour  into  the  body  of  cloth 
Violet  and  lilac  - 

Woollens,  red,  crimson  and  scarlet 
black 
brown  - 
permanent  blue 
yellow  - 

Yellow  dyes  - 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

To  turn  red  hair  black 
bristles  or  feathers,  green 
colour  horse  hair 
dye  gloves 

dye  white  gloves  purple 
prepare  wood  for  dyeing 
prepare  blue  turnsole  for  staining  wood 
stain  oak  mahogany  colour 
beech  do.  do. 

stain  musical  instruments  crimson  and  purple 
stain  box-wood  brown 
dye  wood  a  silver  grey,  yellow,  and  green 

do.  red,  purple,  and  blue 

stain  paper  or  parchment  yellow  and  crimson, 
do.  green,  orange,  and  purple 

marble  the  edges  of  paper 
do.  cover  of  books 

colour  velum  green 
black  the  edges  of  paper 
spfnkle  the  edges  of  books,  &c.  - 
dye  or  stain  horn  tortoise-shell  colour  - 


60 

63 

63 

65 

63 

71 

82 

81 

81 

82 

82 

83 

76 

54 

68 

74 

67 

71 

72 

70 

64 

63 

84 

84 

85 

85 

86 

86 

86 

87 

88 

88 

88 

89 

90 

90 

91 

91 

92 

92 

92 

92 

93 


6  m  INDEX. 

To  dye  horns  of  different  colours 
imitate  Bottany-bay  wood  ,  - 
A  common  varnish  for  bedsteads 
To  imitate  rose ^wood 
another  method 
varnish  furniture 
keep  brushes  in  order  - 
make  white  hard  varnish 
varnish  pictures  and  drawings 
make  turpentine  varnish 
i  varnish  for  violins,  &c. 

varnish  harps,  &c.  in  the  Indian  manner 
drawing,  card  work,  &c. 

Amber  varnish 
Oil  varnish 
Copal  varnish 

To  tinge  bone  and  ivory  red 
do.  green 

do.  purple 


94 

95 

95 

95 

96 

96 

97 

97 

98 

98 

98 

98 

99 

100 

100 

100 

101 

101 

101 


■ 


* 

-vv 


